1 Cai. Cas. 323 | N.Y. Sup. Ct. | 1803
After stating the circumstances, and commenting on them, and the affidavits of Ciason and Gardner, observed, that it was very -singular Gardner, without any knowledge of the contract of Dclard, Swan & Co. with the French Republic, or of Lyle’s intent, should deliver exactly under that contract, and write a letter acknowledging the very interest Lyle claimed under it, and that Ciason should pay him what he was thus entitled to. Gardner, without knowing the contract, goes further ; he asks Delard & Co. if the French government will be punctual in paying, and this, he adds, Ciason desired him to enquire about. Ciason too, ratifies the engagement of Delard & Co. and Gardner, with Lyle, by-adjusting the account with Delard & Co. and receiving under that account the two-thirds, by the very express terms of it, charged with the payment of the two-thirds of Lyle’s fifth. To argue on the assertions of Gardner, would be really superfluous. The referees must have thought Gardner had no right to bind Ciason. This idea is clearly repugnant to' every principle of law. He that entrusts another with general powers, must abide the result of his agent’s ..conduct. Therefore, though the re
TT , . , „ T liopkms and I roup contra. In making the reports m these causes, the referees were actuated by a wish to make the parties even, and leave them just as they were found.
For this purpose, the report in our cause, was intended as a set-off to the other, and to effect this object, counsel were desired to frame the reports in such d manner as might best obtain the desired end. The various facts appear in the affidavits before the court; but it is material to state, that the party who first made the application to disturb these reports, has not presented any original agreement, on which his suit is founded. Delard, Swan & Co. made a contract with the French government, for a certain quantity of pot and pearl-ashes : as these articles enter into the composition of gunpowder, it was necessary to have a neutral name in the business. It is difficult to say, what ought to be the true relative compensation for the protection a neutral character would afford ; but it is to be observed, that Delard & Co. were the real contractors ; Lyle a mere nominis umbra : for this, however, he says he is to have one full fifth, one-third of it to be .paid by Delard, Swan & Co. the other two-thirds by Clason. These terms, it is alleged, were stipulated by a formal contract, yet this contract, which Lyle must have had, is never produced ; on the contrary, instead of relying upon it, he rests on a letter received from Gardner. In addition to the inference to be drawn from this fact, it appears, that at the very time when this pretended contract was made, Lyle was in Europe, under an annual allowance from Clason, and actually his salaried agent, receiving wages for every service performed.
-A' doubt has been entertained, how far the court can, under the existing circumstances, with propriety set aside the report in favor of Clason: but, surely, whenever they clearly perceive that the referees have proceeded on a mistake, either of law or fact, this tribunal will always interfere. If the court will set aside an award, they will, . on the same principles, vacate a reportand, whatever
Gardner knew, when he left America, that Lyle was a salaried agent. This is not a case of good faith between an agent, and a person totally a stranger, and therefore the principal called on to pay j but we are called upon, on the strength of a little memorandum touched into the foot of an account. It is not to be forgotten that the referees were merchants, and well knew the course of trade and business, when the transactions took place, as well as the rights of an agent at a fixed annual allowance. The claim too, goes by the express name of a gratification ; and who ever heard of a partnership share (which this in fact is) ever being known by the appellation of a gratification ? When was «£600 sterling ever considered as a gratification for a person at a salary of «£150 per annum, New-York currency ? The referees might, therefore, have justly ejected the claim. No inference can be drawn from Gardner’s letter, speaking of a contract: he might have sailed on another. But it was not the mere matter of the contract that was referred; subsequent matters were added, not included in the two causes : this was by agreement of the parties, and how can the court say the full-'' claim-on ¡the .contract hsa pot been allowed^ .griten, it, might:
Clason declares he never heard what Lyle’s compensation was, till after the suit was brought. But can the court say, this particular claim ought not to be disallowed ? After the rules to refer, other matters were added and blended ; all contracts, “ express or implied" were submitted. It cannot.be said, there were not other claims
to extinguish this demand of two-thirds of the fifth. It might have been admitted, and liquidated by a counter claim. Referees and arbitrators may so consider the subject matter before them, as will best answer the ends of justice : they may take into view matters both of law and of fact; perform the offices of judges and jurors, and. are entitled to found their decision either on law, or principles of general equity. The whole of this was delegated to them, and they have determined, on a view of all matters in controversy blended together in one mass, all the objects in these two causes, even in that against both the Lyles, as consolidated before them. Whether they have been perfectly accurate in thus beholding them, is immaterial, if they did so consider them, have acted under that idea, and have attained the real ends of justice, though perhaps by extraordinary means. It was evidently the wish of the parties, to set all controversies between them fully at rest, and this has been accomplished. The court, therefore, will never say, that one report shall be confirmed, and the other set aside. The consideration of the report in the suit by Clason, might have influenced in the making up that', in the action against him. That it did so, is evident, because the reports were intended as mutual set-offs. Whether this could be supported on Strict legal reasoning, had been doubted; but. the spirit of
Harison and Hamilton in reply. If, in cases of full and before juries, this court will interpose, xyhen a verdict has been rendered on an evident mistake the law, they certainly will-do so in the case of a report made by referees, however appointed. That this reasoning applies to the suit of Lyle v. Clason is manifest, and it will, therefore, be sent for further examination. With respect to the contract made between Lyle, and Gardner, the agent of Clason, it is for the court to determine whether it be obligatory or not. The affidavits on the part of Clason, do not state that he was ignorant-of the contract with the French government, but of the claim of Lyle. It appears from Lyle’s deposition, and is not controverted, that in March, 1 f94, letters were written by Lyle and Swan, informing Clason of the contract; of Lyle’s right, and that he (Clason) might share, if he thought proper. The letters were produced, and that they were received, Clason’s conscience would not let him negative. There was a stipulation to compensate, with a share of the actual profits, for the use of the neutral name of Lyle; when these profits were ascertained, the righ t of Lyle attached. There is, to be sure, no express recognition by Clason of the contract, but in the Sept, following, the date of Lyle’s letter, Gardner arrives in France with exactly such a cargo as the contract demanded. Are there not circumstances enough, to think lie went there for the purpose of acting under it ? But even allowing there are not, does not. the letter of instructions substitute Gardner as owner of the property he carried, and invest him with all Clason’s power over it ? He is to' exercise his judgment; do his best; sell for French brandy ; sell to the French government, &c.; he had therefore a right to make any contract under the words of the letter. He arrives in France with a power ta dispose ; he finds Delard possessed of a contract, in the name of Lyle, under which, the power to dispose may be
Lewis, C. J. delivered the judgment of the court.
These actions were referred under rules of court to three referees, who have reported in each against the respective plaintiffs, declaring nothing due on either side. Motions are now made to set aside the several awards.
In the first cause, in which Lyle is plaintiff, the application is founded on a presumption that the referees have been mistaken in point of law. That they have either rejected a contract entered into by the defendant’s ship-master and consignee, as not obligatory on his principal, or have set off the balances found for the plaintiffs, in the respective causes against each other.
To this the defendant answers, that he was not bound by the engagement of his ship-master, who was also his consignee, and that if the referees have made such offset, they were justified on principles of law, and by an agreement entered into between the respective attornies.
As far as the facts can be collected, from affidavits and documents furnished the court, they are these: That the. Lyles being engaged in busines in France, were charged with some commercial concerns of Clason, on which he claims a balance of account, and on which they deny any thing to be due. . That Robert Lyle, while in France, ws? employed by the house of Delard, Swan & Co. there established in business to negotiate a contract, for the supply of certain quantities of pot and pearl-ashes to fhe French government, which he effected, and for which they were to allow him one-fifth of the profits. That the Company, as well as Robert Lyle, wrote to Mr.. Clason h%
Captain Gardner’s powers being discretionary, he was perfectly justifiable in making the disposition he did of the cargo entrusted to him* and even if he was not, it does not appear that Mr. Clason ever denied that transaction his sanction, but that on the contrary, he has received by remittances to1 Bird, Savage & Bird, of London, the proceeds of the cargo, including his proportion of the proy fits. Under these circumstances, there can be no doubt that Captain Gardner, having turned in his cargo under the contract, bound Mr. Clason to the fulfilment-of the terms of that contract; and the latter, having received the full two-thirds of the profits of the adventure, under the 'stipulation made by his agent, that he should account to Lyle for two-thirds of his douceurK or whatever else it may be called, (for names will not alter the essential quality of the thing) he is bound to perform such stipulation.
If, therefore, the referees have not admitted this claim, they have erred as to the Jaw, and the award ought to be set aside,
If, on the contrary, they have admitted it, then they must have allowed a balance found due to Clason in the other suit, as a set-off against it. This also, is incorrect; for the- suitp pre not between the same parties, and ¿he
The award therefore, in each suit, ought, in my opinion, to be set aside. The one against Clason, for the reasons above-mentioned, and the one in which he is plaintiff, because there is a probability that the referees found a balance there due to him, which he would otherwise" lose the benefit of. The judgment of the court is, that both awards be set aside.
Glaister v. Hewer & ors. 8 D & E. 69, is it is pressumed the case alluded to; but it seems hardly to bear out the inference