2 Ct. Cust. 1 | C.C.P.A. | 1911
delivered the opinion of the court:
These cases involve the application of paragraphs 135 and 193 of the tariff act of July 24, 1897. It appears from the decision of the board and from such of the samples as have been submitted to us that the merchandise in the case, of Lunham & Moore is a variety of steel shapes, such as pitchers; knobs, handles, spouts, covers, etc., and that in the Central Stamping Co.’s case it is metal spouts, .such as are used in the manufacture of teapots, teakettles, etc. All of the merchandise is made from what were once flat plates of steel ; some exhibits are composed of two or more pieces, and all have been subjected to several processes more or less elaborate according to the nature of the article, and in the form as imported they are articles, each ready and designed to become, after having been enameled, a part of the finished article, such as a kettle, teapot, or other enameled-ware product.
The process of enameling, as appears by the record, in substance, is this: The subject is dipped in a bath of muriatic acid to form a scale, this scale or layer of steel is taken off, then it goes through an acid bath, is pickled, washed, and dried, then receives a coat of enamel, which is allowed to dry, and is then subjected to heat in a furnace, which burns the enamel in.
For convenience, we insert here so much of the respective paragraphs as seems to be pertinent:
135. * * * pressed, sheared or stamped shapes; * * * all descriptions and shapes of dry sand, loam, or iron-moulded steel castings; sheets and plates and steel in all forms and shapes not specially provided for in this act. . * * *
193. Articles or wares not specially provided for in this act, composed wholly or in part of iron, steel, * * * whether partly or wholly manufactured. * * *
It is claimed by the appellants in each case that these importations are “pressed, sheared, or stamped shapes” of steel or “steel in all forms and shapes” within the meaning of paragraph 135.
The Government contends that the merchandise is more aptly described by the language of paragraph 193 as “articles or wares not specially provided for in this act, composed wholly or in part of iron, steel, * * * and whether partly or wholly manufactured.”
We think the appellants’ contention can not be sustained.
No commercial designation is claimed or shown; therefore the language under consideration must be given its common and ordinary meaning. We do not think that the terms “pressed, sheared, or stamped shapes” or “steel in all forms and shapes” are so specific or apt a description of the merchandise here as are the words “ articles or wares, composed of steel, whether wholly or partly manufactured.”
A reading of paragraph 135 clearly indicates that pressed, sheared, or stamped shapes of steel and steel in all forms and shapes aptly applies to the plates, forms, and shapes of steel which are the crude material for subsequent manufacture, and not to the forms and shapes they assume, as in this case, which are the results of such manufacture.
It is clear from the evidence that the processes which the original flat shapes and forms of the steel plate have undergone to produce
The appellants place much reliance upon the fact that the processes to which these articles have been subjected are in the main shearing, stamping, and pressing processes, claiming in effect that whatever is so produced is a sheared, stamped, or pressed shape. But this is manifestly fallacious. The evidence shows that, aside from enameling them, entirely finished articles, such as a frying pan, etc., can be produced by the same processes. We think it could not be held that such finished articles were sheared, stamped, or pressed shapes; no more can it be said that the articles involved here which are finished and ready for the enameling process are such shapes. They are each ready in the condition as imported for the immediate use for the object for which it was intended,, namely, the subjecting them to the enameling process and then the union with the other necessary parts of a finished article of enameled ware. United States v. Prosser (1 Ct. Cust. Appls., 22; T. D. 30848). Maldonado v. United States (176 Fed. Rep., 737).
It is urged in argument on behalf of appellants that if the classification of the collector be sustained it results that these articles are subject to a higher duty than the finished product would be, and paragraph 159 of the act of 1897 and decisions of the Board of General Appraisers thereunder are referred to as supporting ■ the contention. It is argued that such a conclusion is inconsistent and that ■Congress can not be presumed to have intended that the various parts of an article of which enameled ware is made should pay a higher rate of duty than the completed article after it has been subjected to the enameling process.
This, however, can not affect the question. If the appellants’ claim be sustained, it results that these nearly finished articles pay no more duty than the original flat sheets of steel of which they are made would pay, a result, as we view it, equally inconsistent.
The judgment of the Board of General Appraisers is affirmed..