12 Conn. App. 138 | Conn. App. Ct. | 1987
The plaintiff appeals and the defendant cross appeals from the trial court’s order for execution of the award made to the plaintiff by the
The parties disagree as to the interpretation of the words “same position” as used in the statute. The plaintiff asserts that the phrase refers to the same pay grade and pay step as that which he had attained at the time
The parties stipulated to the following relevant facts. The plaintiff was the fire chief of the town of Stratford for forty-two years, and at the time of his retirement on April 1, 1984, earned a weekly salary of $806.59. At that time, he was granted a “Disability in the Line of Duty Pension” from the town due to heart disease, in the amount of $755 per week. Shortly thereafter, the plaintiff also sought disability benefits for heart disease under § 7-433c.
On April 1,1984, a successor with less seniority than the plaintiff was appointed as acting fire chief at a lower pay step and weekly salary than that of the plaintiff’s, in the amount of $669.59. On October 29,1984, the successor was appointed as fire chief at the weekly salary of $695.32. The weekly salary of the plaintiff’s successor was subsequently increased to $758.01 on April 1, 1985, and reached $786.95 by April 29, 1985.
On January 21, 1985, the workers’ compensation commissioner issued a finding and award in the plaintiff’s favor for heart disease and hypertension bene
The plaintiff filed a motion for execution of the award in the trial court pursuant to General Statutes § 31-300.
Section 7-433b (b) is but one part of a comprehensive legislative scheme directed at the compensation of members of fire and police departments who die or are disabled as a result of heart disease or hypertension. In order to ascertain and effectuate the legislative intent of § 7-433b (b), therefore, it is necessary that we be mindful of the purpose and background of § 7-433c.
Under the provisions of § 7-433c, qualifying members are entitled to receive (1) a retirement allowance from the municipal or state retirement system in an amount equal to what they would receive for a disability that arose out of and in the course of employment, and (2) compensation and medical care from the municipal employer in the same amount and in the same manner as provided for under the workers’ compensation law.
As a result of this legislation, and until the passage of § 7-433b (b), many members of police and fire departments were able to receive payments of both retirement and heart disease or hypertension compensation benefits which exceeded the amount of income that they could have earned if they had continued working. 20 H.R. Proc., Pt. 5, 1977 Sess., p. 1817; 20 H.R. Proc., Pt. 14, 1977 Sess., p. 6049. Section 7-433b (b) was enacted in response to this unanticipated and unintended situation. Its purpose was to provide a “statutory ceiling” or cap on the amount of payments that could be received by a claimant. See Maciejewski v. West Hartford, 194 Conn. 139, 146-47 n.4, 480 A.2d
In interpreting the language used by the legislature in imposing this statutory ceiling, we first look for the intention of the legislative body “ ‘ “as found from the words employed to make it manifest.” ’ ” Dana-Robin Corporation v. Common Council, 166 Conn. 207, 221, 348 A.2d 560 (1974). A statutory term is to be given, when possible, the meaning it has “according to the commonly approved usage of the language.” General Statutes § 1-1 (a); Doe v. Institute of Living, Inc., supra, 57. We therefore usually construe words and phrases according to their plain and ordinary meaning. Sawyer Savings Bank v. American Trading Co., 176 Conn. 185, 189, 405 A.2d 635 (1978).
The ordinary meaning of the word “same” is “resembling in every relevant respect; identical; corresponding so closely as to be indistinguishable.” Webster, Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary (1983). The word “position” is defined as “official rank or status” or “an employment for which one has been hired; job.” Id. The phrase “same position,” therefore, commonly refers to a position or rank which is identical in all respects. We thus interpret the measure of the limitation imposed by § 7-433b (b) to be the amount of compensation being paid to a member in a position and rank which is identical in all respects, including pay grade and pay step, to that which was attained by the plaintiff at the time of his retirement. The statutory ceiling on the benefits that can be received, therefore, is the amount of
In reaching this conclusion, we note that the legislature, by choosing to use the word “same” as a modifier, intended that the word be given effect. No word or phrase contained in a statute should be treated as superfluous or insignificant, as “ ‘there is a presumption of purpose behind every sentence, clause or phrase in a legislative enactment.’ ” Winchester v. Connecticut State Board of Labor Relations, 175 Conn. 349, 355-56, 402 A.2d 332 (1978); Engle v. Personnel Appeal Board, 175 Conn. 127, 129-30, 394 A.2d 731 (1978); Doe v. Institute of Living, Inc., supra, 58. The legislature could have either eliminated the modifying word “same” or used the phrase “similar position” or “comparable position” in its place. See, e.g., General Statutes § 31-308 (a). We must effectuate, therefore, the intent of the legislature as manifested in its explicit use of the word “same.”
The defendant claims, however, that the phrase “position” merely refers to job title, and that the statutory limitation imposed by § 7-433b (b) is governed by the amount being paid to the plaintiff’s successor with the same job title. We note that a term which, in isolation, appears to be clear, may nevertheless be rendered ambiguous by the context in which it is used. Doe v. Institute of Living, Inc., supra, 57. The word “position,” as used in the statute, is susceptible to varying definitions. Confronted with this ambiguity, we must apply the general rules of statutory construction in order to determine the legislature’s intent. See State v. Blasko, supra. Foremost among these is the principle that “[t]he law favors rational and sensible statutory construction. . . . ‘When two constructions are possible, courts will adopt the one which makes the [statute] effective and workable, and not one which leads to difficult and possibly bizarre results.’ Muller v. Town Plan & Zoning
The defendant’s interpretation of the statute would lead to the anomalous result of having the amount of a recipient’s award tied to the fortuitous setting of a successor’s salary. Usually, a successor would have less seniority than the retiring recipient. Moreover, it is possible that the recipient’s position could be either eliminated or left vacant for a long period of time. Likewise, a position could be filled with more than one person, and such persons could have varying steps of pay. In these situations, the measure of the limitation imposed by the defendant’s reading of § 7-433b (b) would be difficult, if not impossible, to determine, and the results would inevitably be inconsistent and unfair.
Our interpretation of the statute, which focuses on the amount of compensation that the recipient would have received if he continued working, can be uniformly and consistently administered in all situations without difficulty. Such an interpretation of § 7-433b (b), therefore, is a reasonable and logical one under the circumstances of this case. It is also consistent with other compensatory schemes conferring benefits similar to those awarded to the plaintiff. Both the Workers’ Compensation Act and the Municipal Employees Act, for example, contain certain provisions which compute the amount of benefits to be paid by referring to the wages received by the particular employee seeking such benefits. See, e.g., General Statutes §§ 7-432, 31-308, 31-310. In Pyne v. New Haven, supra, 463, our Supreme Court, while not specifically addressing the precise issue presented here, assumed sub silentio that the limitation of § 7-433b was measured by the amount of compensation being paid to the employee, and not by the amount of compensation being paid to his successor.
Finally, we conclude that our interpretation is also equitable, because it ensures that a claimant with considerable seniority will not be prevented from obtaining maximum benefits in the likely event that a successor with less seniority is appointed to replace him. In the present case, the plaintiff worked for the defendant for forty-two years. He should not be penalized by the imposition of a statutory cap on benefits received under § 7-433c based upon the compensation being paid to a successor with far less seniority.
In reaching this conclusion, it should be emphasized that our holding in this case does not conflict with our holding in Middletown v. Local 1073, supra. In that case we held, when construing a municipal ordinance with the provisions of § 7-433c, that a municipality could deduct payments received by a claimant under workers’ compensation for heart disease or hypertension
The defendant argues in its cross appeal that the trial court erred in finding that the increments of payment of the award would continue to be adjusted as the compensation of the plaintiff’s successor increases. In view of the fact that we have held that it is the amount of compensation that the plaintiff would have received if he had continued working which constitutes the statutory cap imposed by § 7-433b (b), we need not reach this issue. The cross appeal is therefore dismissed. The
The legislative history of the statute, however, reflects that the legislature did not intend such a construction. Section 7-433b (b), or Public Acts 1977, No. 77-520, was originally raised as a house bill which provided that payments received by a claimant under § 7-433c would not exceed “one hundred percent of the base salary of such person prior to his disability retirement.” H.B. 8095, January Session, 1977.
By ratifying the substitute bill, therefore, the legislature intended that the statutory ceiling imposed by § 7-433b (b) be changed from the amount of the base salary being paid to the recipient at the time of his retirement to the amount of compensation being paid,
Moreover, the term “compensable period” is not, as the defendant states, ambiguous. The substitute bill originally stated that the cumulative payments that a claimant or his dependents would be able to receive would not exceed the compensation that was payable “during his or his dependents’ compensable period.” By referring to the claimant’s dependents, the legislature intended that the term “compensable period” refer to the period in which he or his dependents would be entitled to receive benefits under § 7-433c, and not the period in which the claimant was employed. Although the bill was ultimately amended to state that such “payments received by such member or his dependents . . . [would not exceed] the weekly compensation being paid, during their compensable period, to members of such department in the same position which was held by such member” (emphasis added), such amendment did not change the meaning of the statute. See Amendment, LCO No. 8249, offered by Sen. James J. Murphy, Jr., to Substitute H.B. 8095, Calendar No. 8249. Rather, the legislative history indicates that the amendment was intended to constitute only a clarification or edited version of the original statutory intent. “ ‘ “An amendment which in effect construes and clarifies a prior statute must be accepted as the legislative meaning of the original act.” ’ ” State v. McKenna, 11 Conn. App. 122, 131, 525 A.2d 1374 (1987), quoting Tax Commissioner v. Estate of Bissell, 173 Conn. 232, 246, 377 A.2d 305 (1977); see also State v. Blasko, supra, 556-57; Shelton v. Commissioner, 193 Conn. 506, 514, 479 A.2d 208 (1984). We conclude that the legislature intended that
We hold, therefore, that the statutory ceiling imposed by § 7-433b (b) is set at the amount of the weekly compensation being paid to members of such department in the same position and at the same pay grade as that attained by the recipient at the time of his death or retirement. That amount is computed by determining the amount of compensation that the recipient would have received if he had continued working during his compensable period, as interpreted herein.
There is error on the plaintiffs appeal, the judgment of execution is set aside and the case is remanded for further proceedings in accordance with this opinion. The defendant’s cross appeal is dismissed.
In this opinion the other judges concurred.
General Statutes § 7-433c provides in relevant part: “Notwithstanding any provision of chapter 568 or any other general statute . . . to the contrary, in the event a uniformed member of a paid municipal fire department or a regular member of a paid municipal police department who successfully passed a physical examination on entry into such service, which examination failed to reveal any evidence of hypertension or heart disease, suffers either off duty or on duty any condition or impairment of health caused by hypertension or heart disease resulting in his death or his temporary or permanent, total or partial disability, he or his dependents . . . shall receive from his municipal employer compensation and medical care in the same amount and the same manner as that provided under chapter 568 if such death or disability was caused by a personal injury which arose out of and in the course of his employment and was suffered in the line of duty and within the scope of his employment, and from the municipal or state retirement system under which he is covered, he or his dependents . . . shall receive the same retirement or survivor benefits which would be paid under said system if such death or disability was caused by a personal injury which arose out of and in the course of his employment and was suffered in the line of duty and within the scope of his employment.”
At the time of his retirement, the plaintiff was being compensated at pay grade 28, step 6. His successor had attained pay grade 28, step 1, at the time of his appointment. The parties have stipulated to the fact that on April 1, 1985, the weekly salary for a person in pay grade 28, step 6, was $856.92. Pay steps are based on longevity.
General Statutes § 31-300 provides in pertinent part: “The court may issue execution upon any uncontested or final award of a commissioner in the same manner as in cases of judgments rendered in the superior court; and, upon the filing of an application to the court for an execution, the commissioner . . . shall, upon request of the clerk of said court, send to him a certified copy of such award.”
In reaching this amount, the trial court found that from April 1, 1985, to November 10,1985, the plaintiff was entitled to an award for four weeks at the rate of $3.01 and 28 weeks at the rate of $31.65.
The provisions of General Statutes § 7-433c have had a long and “rather tumultuous history.” Plainville v. Travelers Indemnity Co., 178 Conn. 664,
In Ducharme v. Putnam, 161 Conn. 135, 285 A.2d 318 (1971), our Supreme Court held that the conclusive presumption provided in General Statutes § 7-433c was in contravention of the due process clauses of both the state and federal constitutions. Public Acts 1971, No. 524, was enacted in response to the court’s suggestion that this legislation might be constitutionally perfected by “legislation requiring municipalities to provide special compensation or a bonus for policemen and firemen or supplemental or special risk insurance in the case of such occupations.” Ducharme v. Putnam, supra, 144. The validity of § 7-433e in its present form was sustained upon a subsequent constitutional challenge in Grover v. Manchester, 168 Conn. 84, 357 A.2d 922, appeal dismissed, 423 U.S. 805, 96 S. Ct. 14, 46 L. Ed. 2d 26 (1975).
The provisions of General Statutes § 7-433c state that the statute was enacted for the following reasons: “In recognition of the peculiar problems of uniformed members of paid fire departments and regular members of paid police departments, and in recognition of the unusual risks attendant upon these occupations, including an unusual high degree of susceptibility to heart disease and hypertension, and in recognition that the enactment of a statute which protects such fire department and police department members against economic loss resulting from disability or death caused by hypertension or heart disease would act as an inducement in attracting and securing persons for such employment, and in recognition, that the public interest and welfare will be promoted by providing such protection for such fire department and police department members, municipal employers shall provide compensation . . . .”
Our Supreme Court has recognized that General Statutes § 7-433c “specifically requires the payment of compensation to firemen and policemen who have successfully passed a physical examination which failed to reveal any evidence of hypertension or heart disease and who subsequently die or are disabled as a result of such conditions. It casts no burden of proof upon the claimant to show that such disease resulted from the employee’s occupation or that it occurred in the line and scope of his employment. The mere fact that a fireman or policeman has hypertension or heart disease and dies or is disabled as a result thereof qualifies him or his dependents for benefits under this section.” Plainville v. Travelers Indemnity Co., 178 Conn. 664, 670, 425 A.2d 131 (1979).
General Statutes § 7-433b (b) was originally raised as House Bill 8095, and was entitled “An Act Concerning a Limitation on Disability Benefits to One Hundred Per Cent of Base Salary.” It provided that “no such person shall receive benefits from his municipal employer or the municipal or state retirement system in excess of one hundred per cent of the base salary of such person prior to his disability retirement.” H.B. 8095, January Session, 1977.
House Bill 8095 was referred to the Labor and Industrial Relations Committee, which held hearings on the bills. At such hearings, it was recommended that a substitute bill be enacted. The president of the Uniformed Fire Fighters Association testified at the hearings as follows: “I want to speak in opposition to the bill that deals with the disability benefits for fire and police, Bill no. 8095. The reason I’m going to speak in direct opposition to this ... [is that] there was a meeting ... to deal specifically with the heart and hypertension bill for Fire and Police; at which members of both sides of the political persuasion were in attendance as well as the Conference of Municipalities and we did agree to draw up a bill which was going to be in conjunction with the Fire and Police leadership as well as the leadership of the House and the Conference of Municipalities. And I would respectfully suggest that this bill be killed in lieu of the bill that was going to be drawn up by the Conference of Municipalities.” Conn. Joint Standing Committee Hearings, Labor and Industrial Relations, Pt. 2,1977 Sess., p. 757.
The substitute bill was entitled “An Act Concerning Benefits for Policemen or Firemen Disabled or Dead as a Result of Hypertension or Heart Disease.” It provided: “The cumulative payments under this section shall not exceed one hundred per cent of the weekly compensation payable during his or his dependents’ compensable period, to members of such department in the same position which was held by such deceased or retired person at the time of his death or retirement.” Substitute H.B. 8095, April 11,1977.