149 Mo. 165 | Mo. | 1899
This is an appeal by the defendant railroad company from a judgment of the Jackson Circuit Court in favor of the plaintiff insurance company for the sum of $1,800.
Plaintiff’s cause of action is thus stated in the petition.
“Plaintiff alleges that the T. A. Miller Lumber Company is and at all times herein stated was a corporation duly organized and existing by law. That plaintiff Lumbermen’ 5 Mutual Insurance Company is, and at all times herein stated was, a corporation duly organized and existing by virtue of the laws of the State of Illinois and engaged in the business of insuring property owners against loss or damage by fire. That defendant, Nansas City, Fort Scott and Memphis Railroad Company, is, and at all times hereinafter stated was, a*169 corpqration, and was engaged -in operating a railroad through, the town of Ash Grove, in the State of Missouri, and was using and operating thereon steam engines and locomotives.
“That at the time of the issuing of the policy of insurance, hereinafter mentioned, and on the 6th day of April, 1894, the T. A. Miller Lumber Company was the owner of a certain stock of lumber, lath, shingles, sash, doors and other stock such as is usually kept for sale in country lumber yards, also of a certain brick office building and certain office furniture and fixtures therein contained, and also of certain lumber sheds, all situated on lots 2, 3, 4, 5, in Brok and Ralph Watkin’s Railroad Addition to the town of Ash Grove, Missouri. That on the 13th day of December, 1893, in consideration of a certain premium to it paid by said T. A. Miller Lumber Company, the Lumbermen’s Mutual Insurance Company issued to said T. A. Miller Lumber Company a certain policy of insurance, insuring it against loss or damage by fire to the property hereinbefore specified, for the period of one year from said date, to the amounts and as follows: $2,000 on said described stock of lumber; $250 on said described brick office building and the furniture and fix-lures therein contained, and $250 on said described lumber sheds.
“That on the 6th day of April, 1893, and while said policy of insurance was in full force and effect, the said stock of lumber, laths, shingles, sash, doors and other stock in trade,. being of the reasonable cash value of $2,517.24, was wholly destroyed by fire, and said brick office building was damaged by fire to ■ the amount of $150, and said lumber sheds, being at the time of the reasonable cash value of $395.60, were wholly destroyed by fire.
“That the fire which destroyed and damaged said property was communicated thereto by a locomotive engine being used by defendant upon its said railroad.
*170 “That by reason of said fire said Lumbermen’s Mutual Insurance Company became liable to pay to said T. A. Miller Lumber Company the sum of $2,400, and by virtue of the terms of said policy of insurance, which sum said Lumbermen’s Mutual Insurance Company has long since paid. That upon the payment of said sum the said Lumbermen’s Mutual Insurance Company became and was subrogated to all the rights of the said T. A. Miller Lumber Company against said defendant for the recovery of said sum of money, twenty-four hundred dollars, by reason of the destruction of said property by fire, communicated thereto by a locomotive engine of defendant as aforesaid.
“That by reason of all the premises aforesaid, an action has accrued to plaintiff against defendant, and plaintiff alleges that it has sustained damages in the sum of $3,013.42, for which it asks judgment, and for costs.”
To defeat a recovery upon this cause of action defendant relied upon two of the defenses set out in the answer, as follows:
Eirst. That “the said Lumbermen’s Mutual Insurance Company seeks to recover in this action under and by virtue of an act of the Legislature of the State of Missouri, approved March 31, 1887, which is embodied in the Revised Statutes of said State of 1889 as section 2615 thereof, which act and section defendant avers is illegal, unconstitutional and void in that it seeks to deprive the defendant of its property without due process of law and is contrary to the provisions of section 30, article 2, of the Constitution of Missouri. That said act and section is illegal, unconstitutional and void in that it denies the defendant the equal protection of the law, contrary to the provisions of section 1, article 14, of the amendments of the Constitution of the United States; and further, in that it deprives defendant of its property without due process of law, contrary to the provisions of article*171 5 of the amendments to the Constitution of the United States, and of article 6 of said Constitution.
Second. “That the plaintiff, Lumbermen’s Mutual Insurance Company, had not at the time it claims in said petition to have insured the property of said T. A. Miller Lumber Company, nor at the time it claims to have paid the loss thereon, nor at any time between those dates, nor has it since complied with the provisions of the laws of Missouri or any of them in regal’d to the steps and action necessary and required therein to be taken by insurance companies organized under the laws of other States than Missouri before being allowed to do any insurance business or insure any property in said last named State; that the pretended policy of insurance issued by said insurance company on the property of said lumber company and referred to in said petition was issued in violation of the laws of Missouri and contrary and in opposition to the authority and policy of said laws and of said State; and that said insurance company is not entitled to plead or prove or to take or deprive any benefit from or under section 2615 of the Eevised Statutes of Missouri for 1889, or any other statute or law of said State.”
The case was tided before the court without a jury, and the refusal of the trial court to sustain either of these defenses, and the admission of some evidence alleged to be “in variance with and contrary to the allegations of the petition,” are the errors assigned for a reversal of the judgment.
It was admitted that the property of the lumber company which was consumed and damaged by the fire was situated on the north side of Main street in said town, about one hundred and sixty-five feet from the main track of defendant’s railroad, which was on the south side of said street. That between Main street and the railroad was a tier of lots about seventy feet deep, measuring from the street to the railroad right of way, and that on one of said lots, was the building of one Schelling; that the fire was communicated to said Schelling’s building, by defendant’s engine number 129, and after said building was partly consumed, shingle and other light substances from his building were blown into the lumber yard and the fire in question resulted therefrom. On this state of facts it is contended for the defendant that as plaintiff’s property did not abut upon or adjoin defendant’s right of way, and the fire was not communicated thereto directly from the defendant’s engines, to hold the defendant liable therefor, under said section, would make the same obnoxious to the constitutional provision cited in the answer, and contrary to the reasoning of this court in Mathews v.
The plain deduction to be drawn from the ruling and reasoning in these cases is, that the statute in question makes the railroad company liable for damages communicated by its engines directly or indirectly to property along its route in the neighborhood of its road, so situated as to be exposed to such danger, and in doing so violates no constitutional provision, State or National, and further, that the statute does in fact give to the railroad company an insurable interest in all such property. The property destroyed in this instance comes plainly within the meaning of the statute, as thus interpreted and upheld, although it did not abut upon the line of railroad. It was on its route and in its neighborhood so as to be exposed to the danger, and the court committed no. error ip. applying its provisions to the facts in this case.
It is well settled law in this country that “the insurers against fire of property which has been destroyed by fire communicated from a locomotive engine will upon payment for the loss be subrogated to the extent of their payment to the remedies of the insured, as the owners of the property insured and destroyed against the railroad company for the loss” [Sheldon on Subrogation, section 230, and cases cited], and it is equally as well settled, that subrogation will not be allowed “in favor of one who would thereby be permitted to derive an advantage from, or to establish his claim through his own wrong, or negligence, or inequitable, or illegal conduct.” [24 Am. and Eng. Ency. of Law, p. 193, and cases cited in note 1.] The plaintiff here seeks to establish its claim through the policy of insurance and the payment made thereunder as aforesaid. The defendant contends that in the issuance of this policy and its renewals, the plaintiff was guilty of such wrongful and illegal conduct as should preclude a recovery in this action, in that, the same was so done without the authority, and contrary to the provisions of the statute of this State regulating and governing the business of fire insurance in this State by companies incorporated or organized under the laws of this or another State of the United States, as embodied in chapter 89, section 5890, et sequiticr of the Eevised Statutes of 1889. This statute after prescribing the prerequisites for obtaining authority to do fire insurance business in this State by such companies, prohibits any of them from transacting in this State “any insurance business, unless it shall first procure from the Superintendent of the Insurance Department of this State, a certificate stating that the requirements of the insurance
Section 5916. “Any person or persons who in this State ‘shall act as agent or solicitor for any individual, association of individuals or corporation engaged in the transaction of insurance business, without such person or persons first having obtained from the Superintendent of the Insurance Department of this State the certificate authorizing him to act as such agent or solicitor, as required by section 5910, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof shall be fined not less than ten nor more than one hundred dollars for each offense, or imprisoned in the county or city jail for not less than ten days nor more than six months, or by both such fine and imprisonment.”
Section 5917. “Any association of individuals, and any corporation transacting in this State any insurance business, without being authorized by the Superintendent of the Insurance Department of this State so to do, . . . shall be liable to a penalty of two hundred and fifty dollars for each offense, which penalty shall be recovered by ordinary civil action in the name of the State . . .”
The statute nowhere declares contracts of insurance entered into in this State by companies organized under the laws thereof or of another State, who have not complied with its requirements, void, and it has been held in many cases that, although such contracts may be forbidden under penalty, unless the statute does so declare, the contracts are not void, but will be enforced against the company. [Columbus Ins. Co. v. Walsh, 18 Mo. 230; Clark v. Ins. Co., 19 Mo. 54; Ganser v. Firemen’s Fund Ins., 34 Minn. 372; The Manistee, 5 Biss. 381; Pennypacker v. Capital Ins. Co., 80 Ia. 56; State Ins. Co. v. Brinkley Stave Co., 61 Ark. 1; Phoenix Ins. Co. v. Pennsylvania Co., 33 N. E. 970; Toledo T. & L. Co. v. Thomas, 33 West Va. 566; Germania Ins. Co. v. Curran, 8 Kan. 1; Rockford Ins. Co. v. Rogers, 47 Pac. 848.]
Finding no error, the judgment of the circuit court is affirmed.