ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANTS’ MOTION TO COMPEL DISCOVERY
Aftеr being acquitted of trafficking a controlled substance in state court, Adrian E. Lucero filed this civil-rights suit against Defendants, two New Mexico State Police Officers who participated in his investigation and prosecution. In his Complaint, Lucero alleged that Defendants violated police practices and procedures during the investigation and prosecution, which violated his constitutional rights to be free from unlawful seizures and to due process. (Doc. 1 at 8-12.) Lucero subsequently filed an Amended Complaint, alleging that Defendants intentionally misidentified him, falsified the basis for their probable cause determination, and engaged in a practice of identifying innocent citizens as drug traffickers to quell public dissatisfaction with law enforcement efforts in Rio Arribа County. (Doc. 48 at 1-3, 11-12, 16.) The Amended Complaint also includes a claim that Defendants violated Lucero’s constitutional right to be free from malicious prosecution. (Id. at 15.)
Because the Amended Complaint contained new allegations against Defendаnts, I entered a scheduling order that allowed discovery on the new allegations and on the issue of qualified immunity. (Doc. 58.) Defendants served interrogatories and requests for production to Lucero, and have now filed a Motion to Compel Discovery. (Doc. 69.) Defendants assert that Lucero improperly
In addition to the documents which have already been provided to you, Plaintiff may rely on any of the documents that have been or will be produced at depositions and the documents we are providing to you herewith, plus any documents available to all parties that may permit the Court to take judicial notice of adjudicаtive facts. We have given you everything we have at this time. We will not know until we prepare Plaintiffs response to the forthcoming motion for summary judgment which documents may be relied on in responding to the motion. As to law, please see the law Plaintiff has рreviously cited to you.
(Id. at 3.) Defendants also assert that Lucero improperly gave a similar verbatim response to the nine Requests for Production served by Defendants:
In addition to the documents which have already been provided to you, Plaintiff mаy rely on any of the documents that have been or will be produced at depositions and the documents we are providing to you herewith, plus any documents available to all parties that may permit the Court to take judicial notice of аdjudicative facts. We have given you everything we have at this time. We will not know until we prepare Plaintiffs response to the forthcoming motion for summary judgment which documents may be relied on in responding to the motion.
(Id. at 4.) Although Defendants initially sought further responses to all of their discovery requests, in their Reply in support of their motion to compel they request that Lucero 1) provide adequate responses to Interrogatories 12 through 21, and 2) identify the documents responsive to their Requests for Production. (Doc. 77 at 8.) Defendants also request sanctions under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 37.
Lucero failed to state any objections to Defendants’ discovery requests when he served his answers and responses. In his Response Opposing Defendants’ Motion to Compel, Lucero asserts that 1) he has already answered Defendants’ discovery requests in previous discovery responses, 2) Defendants have submitted “blockbuster” interrogatories which are unduly burdensome, 3) Defendants are not seeking discovery but are impermissibly attempting to ascertain Lucero’s response to Defendants’ Motion for Summary Judgment before it is filed, and 4) he does not know yet which documents, facts and law he will rely upon in support of the allegations in his Amended Complaint. (Doc. 73 at 3-14.)
It is well established that all objections to discovery requests must be timely or they are waived, unless the court excuses the failure to object for good cause. See Fed. R.Civ.P. 33(b)(4), 34(b); Essex Ins. Co. v. Neely,
Lucero first asserts that he had already provided to Defendants all information about his contentions because he had previously responded thoroughly to other discovery requests propounded by Defendants. While it is true that Lucero provided fairly detailed informatiоn in response to Defendants’ earlier discovery requests, the whole tenor of this case changed when Lucero filed his Amended Complaint, which shifted his theory of the case to claim that Defendants’ intentional acts to misidentify him and falsify the basis for their probable cause determination was part of a practice of accusing innocent persons in Rio Arriba County as drug traffickers. Interrogatories 12 through 21 seek information about the new contentions set out in Lucero’s Amended Complaint. It may be that Lucero does not have any further information to support these new allegations, but if that is correct he must state that so Defendants know he has no additional information to support the allegations. If Lucero has additional information to support his new claims, he must provide such information in
Lucero next asserts that Defendants’ interrogatories are “blockbuster” interrogatories which are imprоper as a matter of law. While some courts have criticized the indiscriminate use of contention interrogatories, no court has categorically prohibited their use in all cases.
Contention interrogatories are interrogatories thаt seek to clarify the basis for or the scope of an adversary’s claims. Starcher v. Corr. Med. Sys. Inc.,
Some courts have criticized the use of contention interrogatories, especially if they are broadly drafted and servеd early in the discovery process. See Roberts v. Heim,
Contention interrogatories should not require a party to provide the equivalent of a narrative account of its case, including every evidentiary fact, details of testimony of supporting witnesses, and the contents of supporting documents. See Hiskett v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.,
Discovery on the new allegations in the Amended Complaint and the issue of qualified immunity will terminate on March 19, 2007. Since discovery should be substantially completed on those issues by now, Defendants’ contention interrogatories that seek to clarify the basis for and scope of Lucero’s claims are appropriate at this time.
Defendants’ Interrogatories 12-13 and 16-21 identify contentions set out in Lucero’s Amended Complaint and request Lucero to “[s]tate the basis for and identify each document” that supports that contention. Although these interrogatories track many of the allegations in the Amended Complaint, they specifically target new claims made in the Amended Complaint and do not seek “each and every fact” in support of those
Interrogatory 14 requests Lucero to identify each instance in which Defendants falsely identified innocent citizens as drug traffickers, and requests specific information about each instance. Interrogatory 15 requests Lucero to identify the thirty-four eases in which Lucero contends that Defendant Salbridez was the complaining witness and which did not result in new jail time for the accused person, and requests specific infоrmation about each case. I find that subparts (c) and (d) to Interrogatory 14 and subparts (c), (d), and (e) to Interrogatory 15 are overly broad and unduly burdensome, and Lucero will not be required to provide answers to them.
Lucero asserts that Defendants arе not really seeking discovery with their interrogatories and request for production, but are attempting to “flush out” responses to their prospective motion for summary judgment before they file the motion. This assertion is completely undercut by Lucero’s nеxt argument, that he “truthfully does not know yet which documents, facts, and law he may rely on in support of each allegation in the amended complaint.” (Doc. 73 at 13-14.) Defendants are not required to wait for Lucero’s response to their motion for summary judgment to find out the facts, documents and law that Lucero contends supports his claims in this case. Roberts,
Lucero failed to comply with Rule 33 when, in response to Defendants’ discovery requests, he simply referred Defendants to documents he had already produced or documents that would be produced during further discovery. While a party may produce records in lieu of answering an interrogatory, Rule 33(d) requires the party to identify the document in sufficient detail that will allow the other party to locate it. Fed.R.Civ.P. 33(d); Capacchione v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Sch.,
The decision to grant expenses or order sanctions is within the sound discretion of the district court. See Fed.R.Civ.P. 37(a)(4). Since Lucero had previously provided substantial infоrmation in response to Defendants’ discovery requests, Defendants have withdrawn their requests for further responses to Interrogatories 1-11, and certain of Defendants’ remaining interrogatories are overly broad and unduly burdensome, it would be unjust to award expenses or sanctions to either party.
Lucero shall provide further discovery responses to Interrogatories 12-13, 14(a), (b) and (e), 15(a), (b), and (f), and 16-21. Lucero shall also provide further discovery responses to Requests for Production 1-9. These discovery responses will be due by March 26, 2007.
IT IS SO ORDERED.