The present case is before this court on grant of certiorari. Because of one question involved, being a question of jurisdiction, it is kindred to Southern Railway Go. v. Parker, ante 94, although it brings still other jurisdictional questions, as well as one question relating to the merits.
The Louisville and Nashville Eailroad Company, a foreign railroad corporation, was sued in Bibb County on an alleged cause of action which arose in Alabama when the plaintiff, a child traveling as a passenger with her grandmother, fell from the steps of a passenger-car of the defеndant while changing to another railroad at Flomaton, a junction point, in that State. The defendant by demurrer and otherwise presented the contention that, being a foreign corporation, it was not subject to suit in this State upon a transitory cause of aсtion arising in a different State, and bearing, as insisted, no relation to business done by it in Georgia; thus raising a question similar to one that was presented in the Parker case.
The other questions as to jurisdiction were raised in the following manner: According to official entry, service of the pеtition and process was made in person upon W. A. Eoelker as “commercial agent” of the defendant. The defendant before other appearance traversed the entry, alleging that Eoelker was a soliciting agent only, and that the defendant was not doing business in Bibb County so as to render it liable to suit therein. The traverse was tried by the judge, without a jury, on the following stipulation: “That W. A. Eoelker is commercial agent of Louisville and Nashville Eailroad Company. Louisville and Nashville Eailroad Company maintains an offiсe in the City of Macon for said Eoelker, and pays him a monthly salary for his services as commercial agent only. As such the said Eoelker has no authority on behalf of Louisville and Nashville Eailroad Company to issue bills of lading for it, nor to make contracts of аffreightment, nor to sell passenger tickets, nor to make contracts of carriage with passengers ; but he is solely a soliciting agent, and his duties and authority are to endeavor to have freight moving from or into the southern territory pass over the lines of the Louisvillе and Nashville *108 Railroad. The Louisville and Nashville Railroad Company has lines in the State of Georgia, but no lines in the county of Bibb. It is joint lessee, with the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Company, of the Georgia Railroad, which has lines in Bibb County; but Roelker has no connectiоn with the Georgia Railroad Company. Louisville and Nashville Railroad Company has no line from Flomaton, Alabama, to Macon, Georgia, nor does the Georgia Railroad have any such line.”
On the merits, it was insisted that the petition did not show any negligence on thе part of the defendant, this contention being embraced in the demurrer, in addition to the jurisdictional question first above mentioned.
The judge found against the traverse, and overruled the defendant’s other contentions, entering orders accordingly. On writ of error the Court of Appeals affirmed these rulings, and the same questions are now in this court on the assignments of error in the petition for certiorari.
For a more complete statement of facts, see report of the decision under review,
Louisville & Nashville Railroad Co.
v.
Meredith,
66
Ga. App.
488 (
This case and the Parlcer case have been сonsidered together so far as the common question is concerned, and we will not repeat here what has just been stated in that case. Suffice it to say that we are following Reeves v. Southern Railway Co., 121 Ga. 561 (supra), and not Louisiana State Rice Milling Co. v. Mente Inc., 173 Ga. 1 (supra), and that under the Reeves decision the defendant, if doing business in Georgia, could be sued in. this State on such transitоry cause of action, even though it arose in a different State and may not have been related in any manner to such Georgia business.
The assignments of error based on the traverse really involve two questions, albeit they are closely related: First, was the dеfendant company doing business in Georgia and in Bibb County, so as to confer jurisdiction, in the territorial sense? Secondly, if so, was the person who was served such an agent that the court would be authorized to exercise its jurisdiction, or, in other words, to require answer by the defendant? We shall deal with these questions in the order stated.
“A
foreign corporation doing business in this State may for pur
*109
poses of suit be treated as a resident of this State and of any county therein in which it has an agent upon whom service can be perfectеd.”
Saffold
v.
Scottish American Mortgage Co.,
98
Ga.
785, 787 (
It was stipulated in еffect that the defendant owned lines of railroad in the State of Georgia; and that although it owned no line in Bibb County, it was joint lessee with another company of the Georgia Bailroad, which had lines in that county. From these facts the judge was authorized to find that the dеfendant was doing business in the State of Georgia, so as to be found in this State for the purpose of a suit against it; and that it was doing business in Bibb County, so as to fix the venue in that county. Presumably, as it owned lines in Georgia and was a joint lessee of lines in Bibb County, it was using them in the conduct of a railroad business; and operation of the lines in Bibb County merely as a joint lessee would amount to doing business in such county, for the purpose of venue. “A corporation is not always present where its officers are, but it is present in any place where its officers or agents transact business in behalf of the corporation under authority conferred by it.” Reeves v. Southern Railway Co., supra. If the defendant was actually doing business in this State, it was present for the purposes of suit in the county where such business was transacted; and this is true even though it may have trаnsacted such business in a partnership or as joint lessee with another company, and although the latter company might not be liable in the particular case. The question is not whether the joint lessees were both liable, nor even whether either is liable, but is whether the defendant was doing business in this State and in Bibb County, so as to make it suable in that county. In this respect the case is distinguished by its facts from Peterson v. Chicago, Bock Island & Pacific Bailroad Co., 205 IJ. S. 364, 27 Sup. Ct. 513, 51 L. ed. 841, in which the defendant company was not itself doing business in the State where it was sued, but merely ownеd a controlling interest in the corporate stock of a domestic railway company that was doing busi *110 ness in such State. Since it appears that the defendant was actually doing business in Georgia and in Bibb County, it was amenable to suit in that county.
We come next to the question of service. Under the Code, § 22-1101, service could be made upon “any officer or agent of such corporation.” It was conceded by the defendant that the person served as its commercial agent was as a matter of fact employеd by it as such agent, and that the company maintained an office for him in the city of Macon in Bibb County. While it further appeared that he was only a “soliciting agent,” to procure the routing of freight over the defendant’s lines, and although it has been held that such solicitation without more would not constitute doing business in the jurisdictional sense or render service upon such agent a sufficient service on the defendant, decisions to this effect could have no application in the instant case, where the business done by the defendant was not limited to such solicitation, but was sufficient, either with or without that element, to create presence within the jurisdiction of the court for the purpose of a suit in personam. The case is therefore unlike
Vicksburg, Shreveport & Pacific Railway
v. DeBow, 148
Ga.
738 (
While statutes providing for service of process, as well as the service itself, must square with the principle of due process, and in several decisions by the United States Supreme Court it has been
*111
said that service upon an agent of a foreign corporation doing business within the State, in order to be valid, must be made upon an agent representing the corporation with respect to such business, it would seem that the decisions containing such statements, when construed in the light of their facts and of other recognized principles, could not mean that the agent upon whom service is made must necessarily be one who is authorized to represent his company in that character of business the doing of which is essential to
territorial
jurisdiction, where, as in the instant case, the defendant by the transaction of business through other officers or agents is already present in such jurisdiction and all that is lacking before the court can аct is a suit with proper service. For examples of such decisions, see Goldey
¶.
Morning News,
The Supreme Court has also declared: “If a State permits a foreign corporation to do business within her limits, and at the same time provides that in suits against it for business there donе process shall be served upon its agents, the provision is to be deemed a condition of the permission; and corporations that subsequently do business in the State are to be deemed to assent to such condition as fully as though they had specially authоrized their agents to receive service of the process. Such condition must not, however, encroach upon that principle of natural justice which requires notice of a suit to a party before he can be bound by it. It must be reasonable, and the service provided for should be only upon such agents as may be properly deemed representatives of the foreign corporation.” St. Clair
v.
Cox,
Since the object of service is to give notice and afford a hearing, it will be sufficient if made upon an agent whose character and rank are such as to afford reasonable assurance that he will inform his company that such process has been served upon him. See in this connection
Jefferson Fire Insurance Co.
v. Brackin, 140
Ga.
637 (2) (
In the instant case, as we have seen, it was shown that although Boelker, the person served, was оnly a soliciting agent, the company maintained an office for him in the city of Macon in Bibb County, and paid him a monthly salary for his services. While he may not have represented the company in any business the doing of which created the primary or territorial jurisdiction, he did represent it in business; for as to like solicitation it was said even in the Green case, supra, that the defendant was doing "a considerable business of a certain kind, although there was no carriage of freight or passengers.”
It is doubtless true that, except as required by statute, few if any agents are еver expressly authorized to represent their principals in 'relation to service of process, and the question of authority will therefore generally depend on the circumstances.
Under the facts stipulated, the judge was authorized to find that Boelker’s agency was of such character that he was at least under an implied duty to notify the company of any suit that might be served upon him; and so it was a legitimate inference that the service made conformed to the Code, § 22-1101, and afforded due process. See, in this connection,
Equity Life Insurance Co.
v.
*113
Gammon,
119
Ga.
271 (
While as a general rule it is not the duty of employees in charge of a passenger-train to assist passengers in alighting therefrom, the circumstances of a particular case may be sufficient to raise such duty. Georgia & Florida Railway v. Thigpen, 141 Ga. 90 (80. S. E. 626); 13 C. J. S. 1362, § 727. It can not be said as a matter of law that the allegations of the petition were insufficient to show negligence on the part of the defendant’s employees.
It follows from what has been said that the decison and judgment of the Court of Appeals affirming the several rulings of the trial court were not erroneous, as contended in the petition for certiorari. Judgment affirmed.