99 So. 297 | Ala. | 1924
This cause was submitted to the jury on counts 1 and 2, which are under the federal Employers' Liability Act (U.S. Comp. St. §§ 8657-8665), and which charge the plaintiff's injury as due to the negligence of an agent or servant of the defendant in running into or against the plaintiff, thereby throwing or knocking him under a moving train. The tendency of the plaintiff's evidence is that after he had safely alighted from the train, which was going at the rate of three to five miles per hour, and after it had gotten under the depot shed, and just before it had come to a stand at the regular stopping place, one Boris, a car wheel greaser or oiler for the defendant, ran into or against the plaintiff, thereby knocking him under the moving train. The defendant's evidence denied any collision whatsoever between the plaintiff and Boris and tended to show that the plaintiff in some way lost his balance and fell under the moving train when attempting to alight therefrom. There was a conflict in the evidence as to just how the injury occurred. The jury accepted the plaintiff's theory, and was therefore warranted by one feature of the evidence in doing so, as the plaintiff could not and should not have recovered unless Boris collided with him, and the trial court, in effect, so charged. Consequently the question arises, conceding that Boris ran into the plaintiff, was he guilty of negligence in doing so; that is, was there sufficient proof to carry this question to the jury? If Boris saw the plaintiff and knowingly ran into him, he was unquestionably guilty of negligence. On the other hand, if he did not see him before the collision, then was he guilty of negligence in running along a slowly moving train in close proximity thereto without keeping a lookout for those who may have or would attempt to alight therefrom before the train had come to a full stop? That is, did an ordinarily prudent man, under all the surrounding circumstances, have the right to assume that no one would attempt to alight before the train came to a full stop, or did ordinary prudence or caution suggest that some one, trainman or passenger, would probably attempt to alight before the train came to a final stop? This we think was a question for the jury. As was said by this court in the case of B. L. P. Co. v. Landrum,
"A passenger may alight from a slowly moving street car. A passenger car, within a very short distance of the station is likely to be discharging passengers."
True, this expression related to street cars, but we think it applies with equal force to a train under similar circumstances and is perhaps more applicable to trainmen, especially those who have duties to discharge at *42 the station within a limited period, as the evidence shows was the habit and custom of this plaintiff. "Generally negligence is a mixed question of law and fact and is for the consideration of the jury when the evidence is conflicting, or only tends to prove the fact or if different minds may reasonably draw different inferences, though the facts are uncontroverted." We therefore hold that the trial court properly refused the defendant's requested general charge based upon the idea that no negligence was shown on the part of Boris.
It is next urged that the defendant was entitled to the general charge for the reason that the plaintiff assumed the risk which caused his injury. We are, of course, aware of the fact that this court, in some instances, has not been over particular in drawing a distinction between assumption of risk and contributory negligence as they both have, under our law, the same effect; that is, go in bar of a recovery and not in mitigation of damages. We are also cognizant of the fact that under the federal statute one operates as a bar and the other only reduces the damages. We have also generally held that assumption of risk is no defense to the negligence of those covered by our Employers' Liability Act, except perhaps as to the first subdivision, and realize that this is not in entire harmony with the decision of the United States Supreme Court in dealing with the federal act. That court, however, has not gone to the extent of holding that an assumption of risk was a good defense against the negligence of a coemployee when the negligence was not incident to the plaintiff's employment — was not such as was foreseen or contemplated under the contract of employment. Indeed, we think that the case of Reed v. Director General,
There was no error in refusing the defendant's requested charge 6. Whether the facts hypothesized constituted an assumption of risk or contributory negligence, a distinction that will be discussed later, matters not. If it be construed as setting up contributory negligence, it was bad, as it instructed that he could not recover when the facts set up would, under the federal act, operate only to mitigate the damages. Moreover, it pretermits the fact that choosing the unsafe way was the proximate cause of the injury. On the other hand, if we treat said charge as invoking an assumption of risk, it was faulty. It, in effect, instructs a finding against the plaintiff by affirmatively charging that he assumed the risk of being negligently run into by Boris which, as above indicated, was not a risk that was incident to his employment and which was contemplated or could have been foreseen.
The trial court committed no reversible error in so much of the oral charge as was excepted to by the appellant. The chief contention of the appellant is that the trial court confused contributory negligence with an assumption of risk and erroneously defined the conduct of the plaintiff, in the adoption of the more dangerous way to alight, as contributory negligence. We do not think that the trial court was in error in this respect. If there are two ways in which an act can be done — one a safe way, the other a dangerous way — and the person who is to do the act chooses the dangerous way with knowledge of the danger, he is guilty of contributory negligence and not assumption of risk. Wilson v. L. N. R. R.,
We cannot put the trial court in error for refusing to grant the motion for a new trial because the verdict was contrary to the great weight of the evidence. True, there was a conflict between the evidence of the plaintiff and the statement previously signed by him, but the jury heard and saw the witnesses, observed their manner upon the stand, and heard the plaintiff and his witnesses explain the circumstances under which the statement was signed. The plaintiff was also corroborated, in part, by several other witnesses and whose evidence was in direct conflict with that of Boris and some of the defendant's other witnesses who claimed that there was no collision between Boris and the plaintiff. Under the often followed rule as laid down in the case of Cobb v. Malone,
Affirmed.
SAYRE, GARDNER, and MILLER, JJ., concur.