23 S.C. 258 | S.C. | 1885
Lead Opinion
The opinion of the court was delivered by
David Lopez, late of Charleston, departed this life April 21, 1884, leaving in full force his last will and testament. This action, in the nature of a bill in equity, •y^as instituted by Moses E. Lopez, the executor, for construction of the will. There was no parol testimony of consequence, and the single inquiry is as to the proper construction of the will and
“Third. I give and bequeath to my executor, Moses E. Lopez, the sum of twenty-five thousand dollars, in trust for my daughter, Priscilla L. Hart, to be invested according to his judgment in safe productive securities, the interest and income thereof to be paid to my said daughter for her own use during her life, and after her death then the said sum to become and be a part of my residuary estate, to be divided according as I shall hereinafter give and bequeath the same. And any further estate the said Priscilla L. Hart may derive as residuary legatee is to be held by my executor, and shall be held by him subject to the same trusts above recited and set forth.”
After making several other bequests in the fourth, fifth, and sixth clauses of his will, it provides as follows: “Seventh. The balance of my estate, after paying the above bequests, I give share and share alike to my children, Moses E. Lopez, Priscilla L. Hart, A. M. Lopez, Julian L. Lopez, and Edward H. Lopez.”
After several clauses providing for the adjustment of some debts due him by several of the children, the testator provides : “Lastly. I direct my executor to set aside from my estate the sum of five thousand dollars to and for the use of my sister, Miss Sally Lopez. And a like sum of five thousand dollars to and for the use of my sister, Mrs. Louisa A. Moise. The income thereof to be paid to them semi-annually for and during their natural lives. And at the demise of either of my sisters, the share apportioned to her of five thousand dollars shall revert to my estate and be administered according to the provisions of said will.”
Previous to the execution of the will of David Lopez, viz., on June 25, 1880, Mrs. Hart had executed her own will, of which her father was one of the witnesses. In her will she gave all her property to her children in proportions similar to those which were afterwards provided by the will of David Lopez as to the property therein given to them. It was said that at the time Mrs. Hart wrote her will she had no property of her own, nothing but the expectancy from her father’s estate. After the execution of her father’s will, but before his death, she died, August 9, 1882.
The cause was heard by Judge Fraser, who held : “That the sum of twenty-five -thousand dollars ($25,000), given by the will in trust for Mrs. Priscilla L. Hart for life, passes with whatever further estate comes to her share in the residuary estate, to her children, under the provisions of her will, as directed also by the will of her father in the last codicil,” &c.
From this decree A. M. Lopez, J. L. Lopez, and E. H. Lopez appeal to this court upon the grounds :
1. “Because his honor, the Circuit Judge, erred in holding that if the bequest of $25,000 were to any other person than the executor himself, it would be excluded from the division directed by the seventh clause of the will; and, further, that the balance in such clause directed to be divided is only what remains after the payment of this legacy, as well as of the other legacies given in this will; whereas he should have held that under the express words of the will the said sum upon the death of Mrs. Hart was to become a part of his residuary estate, and be divided as he afterwards gave and bequeathed the same, and therefore passed under the terms of the said seventh clause as the residuary clause of the will.
2. “That by the words ‘share of my residuary estate hereby given in trust’ for his daughter was included in the specific devise of the specific sum of $25,000, specifically given for his daughter’s use only during her life, and at her death specifically made part of his residuary estate; whereas he should have held that such words referred only to the interest, share, or estate which his daughter took in his residuary estate, and not to such specific devise.
3. “In not giving to the words ‘residuary estate’ and ‘resi*265 duary legatee,’ their ordinary and technical meaning, there being nothing in the context or the rest of the will to show that the testator intended to use them differently.
4. “In so construing this will as practically to disinherit the other children of the testator in favor of the children of one deceased child, the will itself not clearly showing any such intention.
5. “That the specific sum of $25,000 passes with whatever further estate comes to the share of Mrs'. Hart in'the residuary estate to her children, whereas he should have held that the said sum, Mrs. Hart being dead, became a part of testator’s residuary estate, and should be divided among his five children named in the residuary clause of his will, the, children of his deceased child, Mrs. Hart, taking among them the share which their mother, if alive, would have taken,” &c.
The principal contention is in regard to the $25,000, whether given, as it was, for the benefit of Mrs. Hart during her life, it should, after her' death, before that of her father, go in solido to her children, in addition to their equal share of the residuary estate; or, falling into the residuary estate, should be divided as a part thereof equally among all the children, the children of Mrs. Hart taking among them her share, one-fifth. After carefully reading the wills and codicils, and considering all the parts with reference to each other and to the whole, it does not strike us that there is as much obscurity or confusion as seems to have been supposed. It is perfectly clear that the direct bequest of the $25;000 for the use of Mrs. Hart was given expressly for her life, and no interest whatever ivas given thereby to her children after her death. On the contrary, the said clause carefully, and particularly provides that “after her death, then the said sum to become and be a part of my residuary estate, to be divided according as I shall hereinafter give and bequeath the same.” What “same” ? Of course, not the $25,000 ordered to be merged in it, but the “residuary estate” just referred to. Accordingly the seventh clause gives and bequeaths the residuary estate,, “share and share alike,” to all the children of the testator by name, including Mrs. Hart.- And after her death, in the lifetime of the testator, the last codicil confirms this by declaring
As the object of construction is simply to ascertain the intention of the testator, it would seem that in this case the intention is placed beyond the possible reach of inference or implication, first by the express limitation of the bequest for the life of Mrs. Hart, and at her death to become “a part” of the residuary estate; and, second, by the reiterated provisions speaking of the interest of Mrs. Hart, and afterwards of her children, as “her share in the said residuary estate.” We think that, upon the death of Mrs. Hart, the $25,000 legacy fell into and enlarged the residuary estate, and of this, thus enlarged, the children of Mrs. Hart take among them their mother’s share, one-fifth. It is not perceived that the will of David Lopez made any other provision for these children; and they can take nothing under the will of their mother, for the reason that she died before her father, who after that event republished his will, and gave to them directly what he had before given to their mother, outside of her interest for life in the $25,000. Mrs. Hart’s will disposes of no part of this property, because it never belonged to her, and it cannot possibly be considered as the execution of a power given by the will of David Lopez, which Avas not in existence until afterwards. The Avhole property Avas disposed of by the will of David Lopez, and must he administered by the executor of his will as herein construed. See the case of Williams v. Kibler, 10 S. C., 429, Avhere it is said: “But the wife died during the life-time of the testator, and after her death he republished his will. The will must, therefore, be read as if all that portion which provides for the Avife, or refers to such provision, were erased; unless it should be found necessary to refer to such portion to expound some ambiguous part of the instrument,” &c.
This construction is so obvious that we suppose it never would have been questioned, but for the paragraphs Avhich immediately follow the bequest as to. the $25,000, as follows: “And any further estate the said Priscilla L. Hart may derive as residuary legatee, is to be held by my executor, and shall be held by him
It is claimed that the reference here made to a “further estate” indicates that the will made a double provision for Mrs. Hart— first and principally the -legacy of $25,000, and also “a further estate as residuary legatee,” and from this, and the direction that they should both be held subject to the same trusts, the inference is sought to be drawn that both these provisions were intended to reach beyond the death of Mrs. Hart and go to her children, either under her will as the execution of a power or under that of her father. When properly considered, this alleged obscurity is more apparent than real. It clearly arises out of the fact that Mrs. Hart predeceased her father, and the legacy for her during her life never took effect at all. In construing the will, we should put ourselves in the place of the testator when he executed it. At that time Mrs. Hart was alive, and of course he supposed she would survive him; otherwise the provision would not have been made. If she had survived him, she would have had two separate interests under the will, the use of the $25,000 for life, and her share of “the residuary estate”; and in contemplation of this state of facts, it was strictly correct to refer to the latter interest as “a further estate.” He had just directed how the $25,000 should be held for his daughter, and it was natural that, in that connection, he should go on and declare that the “further estate” should be held under the same trusts.
But in all this there is nothing that even purports to change the terms of the bequest of $25,000 as being for life only, or to
It seems to us that it would be an unauthorized liberty with the will of the testator and a great stretch of construction to hold that by the words “share of the residuary estate” he meant such “share” with a superadded legacy of $25,000 still retaining its character as a specific legacy; especially when there was an intent in the will answering precisely to the words used, and the aforesaid legacy, after the death of Mrs. Hart, was expressly declared to be “a part” of the residuary estate. We do not see any provision in the will or codicil giving to the children of Mrs. Hart anything beyond their mother’s share of the residuary estate. If they do not take as residuary legatees, we do not see how they can take at all, and coming in as residuary legatees, they must take as such their mother’s share, one-fifth.
But it is earnestly urged that there is really no “residuary clause” in the will; that it contains no provision which has the resemblance of one, except the seventh clause, and that cannot be considered as such. If this be so, the $25,000, now that Mrs. Hart is dead, is intestate property. But is it so ? It is manifest that the testator intended to make such a provision, and thought he had done so; for in the will and codicils he repeatedly refers to his “residuary estate,” and we think the seventh clause is residuary in its character. It is in the following words: “The balance of my estate, after paying the above bequests, I give, share and share alike, to my children, Moses E. Lopez, Priscilla
It is, however, still further contended that if the seventh clause is residuary in character, it is not a general residuum, but restrictive, and is capable only of disposing of particular property, vizv, the odds and ends of the estate which were overlooked and not disposed of in the will at all; and that the words in the clause, “after paying the above bequests,” show that “the balance” contemplated did not embrace property which had been already given, and the $25,000, having been so bequeathed, cannot pass under the residuary clause. A will of personal property speaks at the death of the testator, and it therefore results, as a rule of law, that a general residuum carries all property of the testator which at that time is undisposed of, including not only that which was omitted from the will, but also that which was ineffectually given by it, as in the ease of a lapsed legacy; otherwise, to the extent of such legacy, there would be an intestacy. See Cheves v. Haskell, 10 Rich. Eq., 538, and authorities there cited.
It is true that there is such a thing as a restricted residuum, and the rule just stated does not apply when the residuary bequest is of a particular fund or description of property or other certain residuum. See Glover v. Harris, 4 Rich. Eq., 27. In regard to what constitutes such a restricted residuum, and as to what will pass under it, there is much learning and some refinement in the books. But we do not think it necessary to enter upon
We cannot suppose that the character or capacity of the seventh clause is changed in any way by being in the body instead of at the end of the will. It would probably strike a lawyer that the orderly method of proceeding would be to set down first the provisions giving specific property, and then the clause intended to cover everything that might remain undisposed of; but it is believed that the relative position of the different clauses is purely arbitrary. Usually the last clause in a will appoints the executors, and yet in this will he was appointed by the very first.
No question is made as to the construction of the bequest for the use of each of the testator’s sisters, which is in the following words: “And at her demise the share apportioned to her of $5,000 shall revert to my estate and be administered according to the provisions of said will.” In respect to the point made, we do not see any substantial difference between this provision and that for Mrs. Hart, “and after her death the said sum to
The judgment of this court is that the judgment of the Circuit Court be modified so as to conform to the conclusions herein announced.
Dissenting Opinion
dissenting. I am unable to concur in the majority opinion for the following reasons:
In the third clause of his will the testator bequeathed $25,000 to his executor, the interest and income thereof to be paid to his daughter during her life, and after her death to become a part of his residuary estate, to be divided according as I (he) shall hereinafter give and bequeath the same. And any further estate the said Priscilla may derive as residuary legatee is to be held by my executor, and shall be held by him subject to the same trusts and limitations above recited and set forth. He then gave off other pecuniary bequests, and finally, in the seventh clause, he directed as follows: “The balance of my estate, after paying the above bequests, I give, share and share alike, to my children, Moses Lopez, Priscilla L. Hart, A. M. Lopez, Julian L. Lopez, and Edward H. Lopez.”
The question is, did the testator intend the $25,000 to fall into the general residue and pass under the seventh clause of the will above, subject to division among his five children, Priscilla being one, and each to take one-fifth, Priscilla’s share to be held by his executor for her use during life ? I think not, for the following reasons: 1st. The testator, after setting apart the $25,000 for Priscilla for life, then said: Any further estate that Priscilla might derive as a residuary legatee should be held by his executor subject to the same trusts as the $25,000 already
2d. The testator could not have intended that the $25,000 should fall into the residuary at the death of Priscilla and then one-fifth to go to her, for the reason that he directs that any further estate that Priscilla shall get under the residuary shall go to his executor, to be held for her use for life, as he held the $25,000. Where would be the use of directing that one-fifth of the $25,000 should be held for the life of Priscilla when he had already given the entire $25,000 for her use for life ? And further, the theory of the $25,000 falling into the general residue at the death of Priscilla, and then divided under the seventh clause, would involve the idea of her enjoying one-fifth for life after her death when she had already enjoyed the whole amount during her life. On the theory that testator intended the $25,-000 to fall into the residue and be distributed under the seventh clause, these conflicting and strange results would follow: 1st. The amount of the residue could not be ascertained until the death of Priscilla. 2d. The distribution could not be made until her death. And then she would be entitled to one-fifth only of the $25,000 for life, when she had already enjoyed the whole amount for life.
But it is said, how can the expression in the will, “then to become a part of my residuary estate, to be divided according as 1 shall hereinafter give and bequeath the. same,” be explained, otherwise than that the testator intended the $25,000, of which he was then speaking, should become a part of his general residue and pass under the seventh clause, in which he directed a division of this residue? It appears to me that this expression is susceptible of the following interpretation. Of course, the testator knew that the corpus of the $25,000 was a part of his residue, as he had given only a life estate therein to his daughter, and
This construction is supported and sustained by the codicil executed after the death of Priscilla, in which he provides that the share of his residuary estate given to her should go to her children, in the same manner as provided in his will, and also the will of his daughter. It is manifest that the testator, in using the term “share” in connection with the sum of $25,000, constituting a part of his residuary, meant portion. He cut this off from the balance of his estate at the beginning of his will, and although the corpus would constitute a part of his residue in the sense that it was undisposed of to Priscilla, yet he nevér intended that it should be distributed with his general residue, but intended to direct a different and independent division thereof, which it appears to me he did, first in the clause following the third, and then after the death of Priscilla, by his codicil. I concur in the construction of the Circuit Judge.
Judgment modified.
