122 Minn. 245 | Minn. | 1913
On November 1, 1912, plaintiff attempted to commence, in the district court, an action against defendant, a foreign corporation, by service of summons and complaint in this state upon the defendant’s sales agent, one Carpenter. Thereafter, on November 20, defendant made a verified petition stating therein that it appeared only for the purpose of excepting to the service of the summons and complaint, and not generally or for any other purpose, also alleging facts sufficient, prima facie, to require the conclusion that Carpenter was not one upon whom service of a summons could be made so as to confer jurisdiction over the defendant, and praying that the service be set aside and proof thereof quashed. Upon the petition, re-enforced by Carpenter’s affidavit to the same effect, and on motion stating the same special appearance as in the petition, defendant obtained an order directing plaintiff to show cause, at a general term to be held December 3, why the attempted service should not be vacated. The order recited that defendant’s appearance was special and for the purpose only of setting aside the attempted service, but also ordered “that the time for answering the said complaint by said defendant, in case it shall be held that said service was sufficient, is hereby enlarged until ten days after the disposition of said motion.” The papers mentioned, together with a notice of motion in which the special appearance was restated in accordance with the terms of the order to show cause, were thereafter served on plaintiff. The minutes of the court, of date December 3, contained the following entry:
“The District Court of Goodhue County, Minnesota, met in General Term with the lion. Albert Johnson, Judge presiding. Court proceeded to the informal call of the Calendar, and in case No. 33, W. L. Longcor against Atlantic Terra Cotta Company, defendant appeared by its counsel and asked for an adjournment until December 3rd, 1912, which was granted by the court.”
The application was heard on the day stated, plaintiff offering nothing against defendant’s showing of lack of authority in Car
Yale v. Edgerton, supra, was decided nearly 50 years ago, and we have been unable to find any citation thereof on tbe point involved, either here or elsewhere.
“In considering bow controlling is tbe language found in an opinion announcing tbe decision of a court,” said Mr. Justice O’Brien, in State v. Johnson, 111 Minn. 255, 262, 126 N. W. 1074, 1077, “it is always necessary to ascertain tbe circumstances under which it was used. In each case, not only tbe result arrived at, but tbe reasoning advanced in its support, and tbe language used in expressing both reasons and conclusions, are inevitably affected by the particular facts under consideration.”
An examination of tbe original record in the case of Yale v. Edgerton discloses that tbe facts there involved, but not stated in tbe opinion, were that the plaintiff commenced an action in Bamsey county against a resident defendant, but omitted tbe words “Tbe State of Minnesota” from the summons. After service plaintiff inserted tbe omitted words, and re-served. Tbe motions referred to in tbe opinion,
“We perceive no hardship resulting from this rule. The party appears specially to avail himself of objections, which as they do not go to the merits of the case, are of a technical character, to be tolerated, as in some instances they involve principles necessary to the due administration of the law, but not to be encouraged, as they generally result in defeating substantial justice. Interposing an objection of this character, the party must rely upon the legal merits of his motion, and stand or fall with his position, and there is nothing in the nature of these dilatory motions to appeal to the favor of the court, however the circumstances of any particular case may qualify this view, and constitute an exception to the rule, which may be recognized by the court in an application for relief. This view renders unnecessary a further consideration of the questions arising on the appeals from the order denying the motion to vacate the summons, and the order granting the motion to vacate the amended summons.” The italics are ours.
From this language it is obvious that the court was not considering a state of facts analogous to those of the present case. This is made clear by the fact that the same justices, shortly thereafter, in Hanna v. Russell, 12 Minn. 43 (80), held that the omission referred to was not jurisdictional. This case was followed on the same point in Lowry v. Harris, 12 Minn. 166 (255).
The Tale case differs from the present one in the essential respect that it did not involve jurisdictional defects, which go to the root of the right to bind defendant by the result of the litigation. Here we have no “dilatory” motion, nor one of “technical character.” The defendant’s right to contest the jurisdiction claimed to have been acquired over it by the service is as much of substance as the merits of the case. Board of Commrs. of Stearns County v. Smith, 25 Minn. 131, is akin to the one under consideration. There the collection of taxes on real property was involved. The defendant ap
“This (the matter upon the merits) is interposed as an answer, only upon the condition that the objection to the jurisdiction is overruled. The powers of the court are not called into action for any purpose, except to decide upon its jurisdiction (until the objection to the jurisdiction is. disposed of,) so as to make the filing of the answer to the merits a full appearance, within the doctrine of Curtis v. Jackson, 23 Minn. 268, or a waiver of the objection to the jurisdiction, within the rule of Com’rs of Houston Co. v. Jessup, 22 Minn. 552.”
In cases subsequently decided, the generally applicable rule has frequently been announced, as: By Mr. Justice Mitchell, in St. Louis Car Co. v. Stillwater St. Ry. Co. 53 Minn. 129, 131, 54 N. W. 1064: “The rule is that an appearance for any other purpose than to question the jurisdiction of the court is general;” by Chief Justice Gilfillan, in Johnson v. Hagberg, 48 Minn. 221, 222, 50 N. W. 1037, 1038: “It is a rule of universal application that parties may, by consent, give jurisdiction over the person, and it follows as a consequence that, where there is any defect of jurisdiction, or it has ceased, the parties may waive the objection, and they do so when they take or consent to any step in the cause which assumes that tbe jurisdiction exists or continues,” and by the present Chief Justice, in Spencer v. Court of Honor, 120 Minn. 422, 426, 139 N. W. 815: “An appearance for special purposes before judgment, coupled with a demand for relief inconsistent with a claim of want of jurisdiction, is a general appearance, and a waiver of defects in the service of the summons.”
These cases concerned applications made after judgment, and a
Tested by the general rule stated, there was no general appearance made. The order to show cause must be read as an entirety, and, when so read, no assumption of jurisdiction appears. Of course a defendant cannot protest and consent at the same time; but, when ■objection to the jurisdiction is clearly made, the mere fact that he is given and accepts an enlargement of the time to answer until his motion is disposed of, cannot be held to be inconsistent with such ■objection, nor can it be said that he thereby assumes that jurisdiction exists. Any other rule would be altogether too technical for the practical administration of justice. It is scarcely necessary to say that the defendant’s request for an adjournment of the hearing did not turn its special into a general appearance.
Order reversed.