| Mo. Ct. App. | Feb 19, 1894
— This is a suit, commenced before a justice of the peace, to recover rent. The defendant had judgment before the justice. The plaintiffs filed an affidavit and bond for an appeal. The former was proper while the latter omitted the name of the defendant as obligee therein. The justice’s docket did not show that an appeal had been granted but recited “that the plaintiff files affidavit asking for change of venue and a change of venue allowed to the circuit court of Jackson county.” The affidavit and bond were filed with the justice in time to entitle plaintiffs to an appeal. The justice deposited with the clerk of the appellate court the statement, affidavit and bond for appeal with a transcript of the entries on his docket. No objection was made to the jurisdiction in the appellate court on account of any of the imperfections in the proceeding before the justice. The defendant appeared to the merits and proceeded to the trial of the case which resulted in judgment' against it, from'which it has appealed.
The entry on the justice’s docket referred to was a mere nullity, but since he returned the appeal to the circuit court the same must be considered as having been allowed although no entry thereof appears in the record. R. S., sec. 6334. And since the appeal was returned to the appellate court- though defectively taken and the defendant appeared thereto, the circuit court acquired jurisdiction and it is now too late to raise that objection for the first time. The amount sued for was $100 and upon the filing of the statement by the justice in the circuit court and the other papers already mentioned, and the appearance of the defendant thereto and proceeding to trial of the cause on the merits, the defects in the pioceedings taken before the justice for the appeal must be considered
The defendant further objects that the plaintiffs should not have been permitted to amend their statement in the appellate court so as to change the cause of action embraced in ^heir original statement. As the original statement is pot to be found in the record before us, we are, of course, unable to determine whether this objection was well taken or not. And besides this, there seems to have been no exception saved to the action of the court in allowing such amendment, so that, in any event the' action of the court in that regard is not open to review by us.
The defendant further complains of the action of the court at the conclusion of all the evidence in giving a peremptory instruction to the jury to find for the plaintiff the amount of the August rent, being $100. It was admitted that the plaintiffs had in writing leased to the defendant a certain storeroom in Kansas City for two years, ending October 10, 1890, at $115 per month. It further appears by the plaintiffs’ evidence that the day before the expiration of this lease, by a verbal agreement, they rented the store to defendant for another year at a reduced rent of $100 per month; that the defendant continued to occupy the store and pay the rent up to ' July 31, 1891, when it moved out and refused to pay any more rent. The plaintiffs sued for the August rent.
The defendant’s evidence tended to show that it' rented the store from month to month at the monthly rent of $100 and that it gave the plaintiff, John Long, one month’s written notice of its intention to quit by serving the same on his wife. Whether the facts were such as to justify the service of
We think the service of the notice was no service at all, and if there was no service there could be no waiver thereof. Both plaintiffs were entitled to the notice and this, it is not denied they did not receive. There being no notice to plaintiffs, they could not object to its insufficiency. Nor does it appear that there was any delivery or acceptance of possession. There was no fact from which a waiver could be inferred.
If the defendant was a tenant from year to year then it is liable for the unpaid August rent. If it was a tenant from month to month, as it contends was the fact, then it was liable for the August rent for the reason that it did not give the plaintiffs the thirty days’ previous notice of its intention to terminate the tenancy as required by the statutes. Section 6371. So that in either case the defendant was liable for the August rent. The plaintiffs’ statement' alleged that the defendant, by parol, agreed to hold the store another year after the written lease expired, at the rental of $100 per month, payable in advance. The peremptory instruction already partly quoted declared that the tenancy in question was from month to month and that there was no evidence tending to show that defendant terminated such tenancy by giving plaintiffs’ one • month’s notice, etc. According to the ¡plaintiffs’ theory, the tenancy was from year to year though
We cannot think that under the evidence the court was justified in declaring as a matter of law that the tenancy was from month to month, but we can find no fault with that part of the declaration which declares there was no notice to the plaintiffs. No difference what the character of the tenancy was, it is certain, that if there was no notice, then the plaintiffs were entitled to recover the August rent.
The verdict is, therefore, for the right party. The assumption of the instruction in the particular just stated while erroneous could not operate to the prejudice of defendant. What is our duty as a reviewing court under such circumstances'? This question finds its answer in the statutes (section 2603) which forbids us to reverse a judgment unless we believe that error was committed against an appellant materially affecting the merits of the action.
It results from this that we must affirm the judgment.