90 Ala. 150 | Ala. | 1890
On March 26, 1887, the parties made an exchange of lands — appellant conveying to appellee a one-fourth undivided interest in two hundred acres of land situated in Jefferson county, Alabama, containing iron ore, receiving in exchange twenty lots near Minneapolis, Minnesota. In the transaction, the land of appellant was rated at eight hundred dollars per acre, and the lots at two thousand dollars each. By the bill, defendant seeks a rescission of the contract, and cancellation of the conveyance made by him to appellee, on the ground of misrepresentation as to the location and value of the lots. The specific representations alleged in the bill are: “that the defendant assured and represented to complainant that said lots of land were each worth the sum of $2,000, two thousand dollars, in all $40,000, and that they were situated within three miles, or only a distance of three miles from the center of said city of Minneapolis, a large city and rapidly growing in the direction of said lots of land; that said lots of land would bring at a forced sale, or sale by the sheriff, the sum of one thousand dollars each.” The answer denies the representations as charged in the bill, and avers that whatever statements defendant made as to the location and value of the lots were merely his opinion and judgment.
While a court of equity will rescind, a contract procured by a misrepresentation by a vendor of land, relating to the subject-matter of the contract, and constituting an inducement to the purchaser, upon which he had a right to rely, and did rely, and by which he was actually deceived and injured, the representation must be the affirmation of a fact, in’contradistinction to a mere expression of opinion. An assertion of a vendor as to the present or prospective value of property he is attempting to sell, if not the affirmation of a specific fact affecting the quality, will, of itself, form no substantive ground for a re
The representation as to the distance of the lots from the city of Minneapolis was the affirmation of a fact, which, if false and material,would authorize a rescission of the contract, unless complainant has lost his right by acquiescence or waiver. As to the distance from the business center of the city and the post-office, the witnesses vary from four and a half to five and a quarter miles. They also vary as to the place which is the business center. One of them testifies, and the only one who does testify to this fact, that the lots are three miles distant from the residence center; and the evidence shows that they are not three miles distant from the city limits proper. What was the representation as to the distance ? .Complainant testifies, on his direct examination, that defendant said, “lots were located about three miles from the center of town”; but, being
. . I do not remember whether he said the lots were a certain distance from the city of Minneapolis, or from the business portion of said city, or from the center of said city, but I understood it to be a certain distance from the center of said city.” Defendant’s testimony is that he said, “not more than three miles from the city”, by which he meant, “from where it was built up.” The only other witness who testified to this representation is Hawkins. His evidence is, “I remember it was stated positively by Pitts to Lockwood how far said lots were from the business portion or post-office of Minneapolis, but I do not now remember how far it was. I believe, however, it was about four miles in the direction of St. Paul.” He admits that his recollection of the details is very indistinct, and his memory is at fault as to the direction of the lots. Complainant and defendant would probably recollect more distinctly the representation; and on their evidence we assume it to have been not more than three miles from the city. This representation is susceptible of different constructions; it may mean, from the limits of the city, or the business center, or the center of .population, or the actual center. The allegation in the bill is, “within three miles, or only a distance of three miles, from the center of said city of Indianapolis.” What center ? In this class of cases, the representation alleged to be false must not only be precisely averred, but also clearly and satisfactorily proved as alleged. The truth or falsity of the representation depends on what part of the city it had reference to. On the different understandings of the parties, it is questionable whether the evidence proves the representation substantially as alleged in the bill; and if it does, the evidence, which is mainly directed to the distance of the lots from the business center, or post-office, does not clearly prove the representation to be false; the center of the city literally means the actual center; and there is no evidence that the business center, or post-office, is the central point. But there are features of this case, which render unnecessary further comment on the evidence as to distance.
The right to rescind the contract for fraud may be lost by its confirmation, or by a failure to manifest the election to disaffirm it within a reasonable time; or where the transaction is a sale of property, by dealing with the property as owner, after the discovery of the fraud. Mr. Pomeroy says : “All these considerations as to the nature of misrepresentation re
A day or two after the exchange of the lands, complainant asked defendant for the name and address of his agent in Minneapolis. He states: “I opened correspondence with said agent, through whom I commenced to learn that the lots were not panning out as represented; and meeting Oapt. Fitts on the street a short while after, I called his attention to the above fact, and told him he was beating me out of a good deal of money; and he brought in, that- the way he had figured it out, he had gotten about ten thousand dollars the advantage of it.” He states that this conversation occurred about the first of April — defendant says the tenth or fifteenth of the month. It is proper to remark, that defendant says that he said he had such advantage, if complainant’s land was worth what he estimated. Brame, the agent, testifies, that he thinks he wrote complainant in the early Spring as to the value and location of the lots; and defendant testifies that, about the tenth or fifteenth of April, complainant told him he had received a letter from Brame. On May 9th, 1887, complainant entered into a second agreement with defendant, for the exchange of another one-fourth interest in his lands for some other lands, and other lots near those first obtained, and which he took at one thousand dollars each; but this agreement or exchange was not carried out. Complainant further states that he found out the value of the lots in the month of June. On July 23, 1887, he wrote to Brame the following letter: “As you once had charge of Oapt. Fitts’ property in your city, and should know something about it, I write to you to know if you think I could exchange it for some kind of property that would rent for something, so as to help pay the- interest. The property I traded with him for, brings in no revenue, and I am not able to keep up the interest on it; and if you know of any
Complainant admits that he was informed of the value of the lots in June, and the evidence sufficiently shows that he discovered their location and value as early as April. According to his own testimony, the offer to rescind was made in August; and according to defendant’s testimony, in that month he received a letter Horn complainant when in New York, stating that he would not consummate the second trade, nor would he let the first stand; and this was the first he had heard of an offer to rescind; also, that .his offer to rescind was made after his return from New York, and a short time before the bill was filed, which was October 27,1887. There is no evidence that complainant has confirmed the contract by entering into new stipulations in respect to its subject-matter; but delay in exercising the option to rescind is evidence of an election to treat the contract as valid, dependent for its weight upon the circumstances. At the time of the exchange of land, there was a mortgage for two hundred and fifty dollars on each lot, created by the vendor of defendant, the interest payable semi-annually, which complainant assumed to pay, receiving six additional lots in consideration thereof The semi-annual interest became payable early in September, and is the interest to which complainant alludes in his letter to Brame. It was near this date that the offer to rescind was made. It should also be observed, that the estimates of the Value of complainant’s land, at the time of the exchange, greatly vary. In his letter to Brame, complainant states that lie owns the lots, and proposes to exchange tliem for other property. This ivas after the discovery of the fraud, and is inconsistent with an election to disaffirm the contract. Such dealing is consistent only with acquiescence in the transaction, as subsisting and binding. The foregoing authorities authorize the conclusion, that such subsequent dealing with the property, accompanied by a distinct avowal of ownership, constitutes a waiver sufficient to defeat the equitable remedy ; but we need not go so far. It certainly is evidence strongly tending to show that complainant did not rely upon the representations of value and location, and was not induced by them to enter into the contract; it raises a presumption of acquiescence, which he is called upon to rebut.—Schiffer v. Dietry, 83 N. Y. 300; McCullough v. Scott 13 B. Mon. 172. The cir-
Affirmed.
