181 N.W.2d 288 | Mich. Ct. App. | 1970
LOCAL 155 UAW CREDIT UNION
v.
ZALEWSKI
Michigan Court of Appeals.
*231 Butler, Roshak & Whelan, for plaintiff.
Before: HOLBROOK, P.J., and R.B. BURNS and O'HARA,[*] JJ.
PER CURIAM.
This is an action for the balance due on a promissory note. Due to illness, defendant had serious financial difficulty and owed several creditors. He applied for a loan from plaintiff and filled out and signed a financial statement. Plaintiff contends the statement was materially false in that it failed to list $3,800 in other debts owed by defendant at the time of the application for the loan, and plaintiff's agent, in reliance upon the statement, approved the loan. Defendant pleaded that the special affirmative defense of discharge in bankruptcy applied. Plaintiff denied this defense and contended that recovery on the note is available because of the fraudulent financial statement and reliance thereon. The trial court held the debt was discharged in bankruptcy. Plaintiff appeals.
The only issue on appeal is whether there was sufficient credible evidence to support the trial judge's finding that the financial statement was made by defendant without intent to deceive plaintiff and that plaintiff did not rely on the financial statement in granting the loan.
Plaintiff's complaint alleges fraud, deceit, and reliance thereon, which, if true, would prevent discharge *232 under the Federal Bankruptcy Act. Section 35[**] of the Act provides:
"(a) A discharge in bankruptcy shall release a bankrupt from all of his provable debts, whether allowable in full or in part, except such as * * *
"(2) are liabilities for obtaining money or property by false pretenses or false representations, or for obtaining money or property on credit or obtaining an extension or renewal of credit in reliance upon a materially false statement in writing respecting his financial condition made or published or caused to be made or published in any manner whatsoever with intent to deceive."
The law is well established that to bring the claim within the statutory exception of "liabilities for obtaining property by false pretenses or false representations" plaintiff must show actual or intended fraud on the part of the defendant. 8B CJS, § 573c, p. 55; Horner v. Nerlinger (1943), 304 Mich. 225. The bankrupt's representations must have been believed, acted, and relied upon by the creditor to its prejudice. See 17 ALR2d, Anno: Discharge in Bankruptcy-Fraud, § 113, p 1209, and the cases cited therein; Associates Consumer Finance v. Crapo (1970), 21 Mich. App. 195.
In the Associates case the Court found actual fraud and reliance based upon a false financial statement. The case is distinguishable. In the instant case the defendant did not testify. In Associates one of the defendants admitted that he knew the debts had to be listed. The other defendant admitted that she knew the financial statement was false. These in-court admissions prompted the appellate court to find fraud in fact. No such admission is found in the instant case. This Court is not required to speculate or to go beyond the record.
*233 Evidence presented in this case indicates that the defendant had been a customer of the plaintiff credit union for 11 years, borrowing and making payments on principal and interest and in this manner had established his credit record with plaintiff. One of the plaintiff's loan supervisors admitted that defendant was an employee of a member organization of the credit union and that their records revealed certain personal data such as his age, marital status, dependents, trade, earning capacity, employment, debts, work record, illnesses and other contingencies that would be of interest to a creditor. He also testified that the note in question was not new, but a renewal of a former obligation; it was an add-on. Another witness, a member of plaintiff's credit committee, testified that he had met defendant personally three or four times.
Each case must be decided upon its individual and particular facts and circumstances. The trial court, as original trier of the fact found:
"The question involved in this case is whether or not the defendant perpetrated such intentional fraud in his application for loans as to bar the discharge in bankruptcy.
"In view of the history of the case as set forth in the testimony, it is the court's opinion that the defendant did not perpetrate actual or intentional fraud upon the plaintiff that was relied upon by the plaintiff in making the loan."
An examination of the instant record reveals that there was ample evidence to support the lower court's determination of fact. Findings of fact will not be set aside unless clearly erroneous. GCR 1963, 517.1; Sears, Roebuck & Co. v. Thomas (1966), 3 Mich. App. 539; King v. Partridge (1968), 9 Mich. App. 540. This Court will not substitute its judgment *234 on questions of fact unless the evidence clearly preponderates in the other direction. Baith v. Knapp-Stiles, Inc. (1968), 380 Mich. 119, 125; Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Company v. Abbott (1968), 9 Mich. App. 547.
Affirmed.
NOTES
[*] Former Supreme Court Justice, sitting on the Court of Appeals by assignment pursuant to Const 1963, art 6, § 23 as amended in 1968.
[**] 11 USCA § 35(a)(2). REPORTER.
