97 Ga. 172 | Ga. | 1895
Lead Opinion
The record discloses that Littleton & Lamar, of Americus, had at Buena Vista an agent named Lowe, whose business it was to buy and ship cotton to them. They required him to ship daily the cotton he bought, and had arranged with a bank in Buena Vista to cash his drafts drawn upon them for purchases made, when the same were presented to the bank with bills of lading attached. Lowe had no authority,*except as above stated, to draw upon his principals in settlement for any cotton purchased by him; and no authority at all, so far as Littleton & Lamar were concerned, to keep an account of his own at the bank and
“Buena Yista Loan & Savings Bank, Buena Yista, Ga.
“Sirs: — Mr. O. E. Lowe is in your town for the purpose of buying cotton for us, and we wired you to pay for his purchases, requiring him to ship daily, drawing cost with B/L attached. ' We had his draft for $100.00 presented to us in your favor, for what he says is a ‘bonus’ you require, which we refused to honor. We hoped that our established credit here and at all the cotton ports would be sufficient guarantee for any transactions we might see proper to authorize; hence our refusal. If you see proper to pay for Mr. Lowe’s purchases, requiring him to ship daily, with B/L attached to draft, we will always honor same. Yery respectfully, Littleton & Lamar.”
Short, as manager of the plaintiff corporation, sold to Lowe, as agent, a lot of cotton, and accepted in payment Lowe’s individual check upon the bank, without requiring him to draw upon Littleton & Lamar with bills of lading attached. The check was dishonored by the bank, and thereupon the corporation of which Short was manager brought an action against Littleton & Lamar for the price of the cotton, and obtained a verdict for the same. It plainly appears from Short’s own testimony as a witness that, before making the sale in question, he was fully aware of the nature and extent of Lowe’s agency for Littleton & Lamar. The following is an extract from his testimony: “Before I sold any cotton to this party [Lowe], I was shown that letter that has just been read to the jury [referring to the letter above quoted]. I saw that letter. Mr. Lowe came to me and stated that he was there for the purpose of buying cotton for them [Littleton & Lamar] ; that the bank had refused to pay for his cotton without a bonus, and he had a letter of credit at the bank that he thought was a sufficient
There is no difference of opinion between the majority of this court and Justice Atkinson, who dissents from the judgment rendered, as to the questions of law involved. Indeed, these questions are simple and well settled. Our disagreement arises entirely from the conflicting views we entertain as to the character of Lowe’s agency for Little-ton & Lamar. If he was their general agent to buy cotton, it would seem that his principals would be bound to pay for cotton sold and delivered to him for them, whether they actually received it or not; but if he was only their special agent, having limited authority, one who dealt with him as agent, and who had full knowledge as to the limits within which he, under the terms of his appointment, had authority to bind his principals, was bound to act with reference to this knowledge, and consequently could not in law hold the principals liable for loss occasioned by acts of the agent in excess of, or contrary to, his authority in the premises.
Chief Justice Simmons and the writer are satisfied that Lowe was only a special agent, and that in the performance of his duties as such he was restricted by the terms set forth in the letter to the bank. If we are right in this view, it was incumbent upon Short, knowing the facts, to see to it that Lowe paid for each purchase by drawing upon Littleton & Lamar with the requisite bill or bills of lading attached to his drafts. When Short accepted Lowe’s individual check upon the bank, he did so at his own risk, and could not hold Littleton & Lamar liable for the value of the cotton sold and settled for in this manner, without proving affirmatively that such cotton was actually received by them.' Even then, Littleton & Lamar would not be liable if they in fact paid for the cotton by honoring Lowe’s draft, or drafts, which came to them through the
The evidence does not show that the particular cotton, the price of which is the subject-matter of this suit, ever went into the hands of Littleton & Lamar at all; and we therefore think the verdict in the plaintiff’s favor was entirely unwarranted, and ought to be set aside.
Judgment reversed.
Dissenting Opinion
dissenting.
Finding myself unable to agree to the conclusion reached by the majority of the court in the present case, I shall proceed to a statement of the reasons which seem to me to justify a contrary view. It will be observed, upon an examination of the opinion filed by my brethren, that the real point of difference between us is as to the effect of the evidence submitted touching the character of the agency under and by virtue of which the agent acted in the purchase of the goods for the recovery of the value of which this action is 'brought. For a statement of the necessary facts I refer to the opinion of the court, pronounced through Justice Lumpkin. It will be seen that the defendants had an agent who for them was authorized to buy cotton at the point designated, from any person whomsoever, without limitation as to quantity, quality, or price to be paid. ITe had full power in the name of his principal to complete the contract of purchase. He was at his general discretion to^ select the person from whom he would purchase, agree upon the price to be paid, the thing to be purchased (provided only it was cotton), to perform every needful act in the transmission of title from the sellers to his principal, including the acceptance of delivery of the thing sold. Hp to this point there was not the slightest limitation upon the authority of the agent. In dealing with the seller, he in
But I shall nevertheless undertake to examine the scope of the general agency, in the light of what my brethren treat as concurrent instructions limiting its scope, which are deducible from the letter quoted in the opinion of the court; and in doing so, I will in the outset endeavor to make a distinction between instructions from the principal to the agent which operate as limitations upon the power itself, and those instructions which relate to transactions between the agent and the principal, and between the agent and persons other than the seller dealing with him with respect to the same matter. The former inhere in and become a part of the power, and if known, affect third persons; the latter do not, and a disobedience of such instructions makes questions between the agent and his principal only. The scope of the agency in the present case comprehended the employment by the agent of such means as were necessary in the purchase of cotton. What means were to be so employed was left to the discretion of the agent; but after the purchase was in all respects complete, and the entire transaction, so far as the purchase was concerned, was concluded by a delivery of the cotton, then only did the alleged instructions apply. It will be seen that they in no way related to the contract by which the ownership of the cotton was changed, but related only to the manner in which the agent upon the part of his principal should perform the duty of payment. For his own protection against the infidelity of his agent, the principal required that in the event the agent should see proper to^ pay for purchases by draft upon the bank, bills of lading should be attached to drafts drawn by the agent upon the