195 Mo. 166 | Mo. | 1906
— On the 27th of September, 1901, the plaintiff, Miss Clara Lindsay, commenced action for damages for personal injuries against Kansas City. In her petition she alleges that Kansas City is a municipal corporation organized under a freeholders’ charter, and that Southwest boulevard is one of the streets in said city, used by the general public for the purpose of travel. It is then alleged that prior to and on the 13th day of July, 1901, the said city carelessly and negligently failed and neglected to place and maintain barriers, lights or other warnings at or near a hole in said Southwest boulevard to warn persons lawfully using said street, of said hole and said defects and dangers. It is then alleged that on the night of July 13, 1901, at about 10:30 o’clock, plaintiff was lawfully riding in a carriage in a southwesterly direction between Twenty-eighth and Twenty-ninth streets, and the carriage in which plaintiff was riding ran against and into said hole in said’street and was overturned, and plaintiff
The answer was a general denial and a plea of contributory negligence on the part of the plaintiff and on the part of the driver who was in charge of the carriage at the time plaintiff was hurt.
A change of venue was awarded to the Lafayette Circuit Court. In that court the cause was tried to the court and a jury, and resulted in a verdict of five thousand dollars. In due time motions for new trial and in arrest were filed, heard and overruled, and the defendant appealed to this court. On the trial the testimony tended to establish the following facts:
The plaintiff was a single lady about thirty years of age, and had for six years previous to the injuries of which she complains been working constantly at her trade of linotype operator, earning twelve dollars a week. On the night of July 13, 1901, she and her landlady, with whom she was boarding, and two gentlemen friends, started in an open hack about 8:35 o ’clock, to take a drive; they stopped at the corner of Fifth and Delaware streets in Kansas City and got two bottles of
Mr. C. O. Shepard testified that he was a clerk in the store of Emery, Bird & Thayer, and on the evening of the accident, about 8 o ’clock, he passed along Southwest boulevard in a street car, and by this excavation, and noticed the hole as he passed by, and he was sitting next to the window, and the window was open; there were no lights or barricades about the hole when he passed there.
Mrs. Furnkas who was in the carriage with plain-' tiff when the injury occurred, testified there were no lights or barricades about the hole into which the hack and horses fell. She testified that immediately after the hack fell into the hole, the parties there looked" around and there was no sign of lights or barricades;
Mr. Woodcock, witness for the plaintiff, testified that he was in the barber shop about 150 feet from the hole in the ground, on the night of the accident, and some persons came into the shop and called for a light saying there had been an accident there at the hole; that he took one of the bracket lamps off of the wall of the barber shop-, and carried it over where the hole was, and there was a horse down in there. He described the hole as about five or six feet wide and ten and a half feet long and about ten feet deep; he supposed the hole had been there for possibly a week before the night of the accident. Asked if there were any lights or barricades there that evening, he said he could not say, he did not notice any, but there were none there when he went over with the light from his shop; “there was not any lights there is the reason they came over for a light at his shop.”
Obed Reeve testified that he passed this hole at about 7:30 o ’clock or a little later, that night, and there was no light there then.
Don E. Leland who was in the carriage at the time the plaintiff was injured, testified that it was very dark, there was nothing there to show that there was an excavation in the street, no lights, no barricades and no danger signals of any kind.
Harry Crowder, another of the passengers in the hack, testified there was no lamp or light or barricades about the hole, until some one after the accident brought a light from across the street.
The driver, Frank Costello, testified it was a very dark night, and that he did not notice any hole or any lights or barricades to warn him as he was driving along the boulevard, and when he got within a very few feet of it, it looked like water and mud in the street, and the first thing he knew, his team was up on the embankment and fell over in the ditch. He was driving
On the part of the city, Mrs. Hummer, whose husband had employed Mr. Cotter, the plumber, to dig the trench, testified that she saw a lamp- lighted and on the place about six o’clock that evening; she lived at 2823 Southwest boulevard; she testified that the lantern used for a signal light was kept in her husband’s store building; that when she went to bed about 9:30 o’clock as near as she could remember, it was still burning.
Mr. Cotter testified that he was the contractor having this hole dug at that time; that he went to this excavation on the night of the accident about 10:30 o ’clock. He was asked to state just what the condition was. He answered, “Well, we are supposed to put a red light out.” Q. “Well, what was the condition at 10:30 o’clock that night?” A. “It was barricaded and lighted, the light was on top of the dirt and the lamp was attached to a pipe stuck down in the ground; I examined the lamp and there was plenty'of oil in it.” On cross-examination he stated “that if he left a hole unbarricaded in the street, he was responsible for any damage that occurred on account of its not being lighted or barricaded; that he was altogether interested. ’ ’
Leo Shay also testified in behalf of the defendant. He states that he Avas working for Mr. Cotter the plumber, and heard of this accident the next day after it occurred ; that he was out there about 10 o ’clock the night of the accident, and the hole was barricaded on all sides and a lantern on a piece of pipe in the dirt, and boards on the next side to the curbing. His description of the hole, however, is radically different from that of the other Avitnesses. He states also that he worked on that hole about two weeks before the accident.
Mr. E. Y. Starr testified that he was the foreman of the Armour Packing Company. He remembered the Incident of the carriage falling into the hole on South
Mr. N. P. Miller also testified in behalf of the city. He lived at 2827 Southwest boulevard. He heard of the accident shortly after it happened. He was about eight lots further southwest from the place. He testified that he had seen a red light at this excavation every night for a week or ten days; he could not say positively that on the night the accident happened he saw the red light, he was too busy; he went over after the accident, and thinks he saw the harness and lantern lying in the dirt and that one of the horses was down in the hole. On cross-examination he stated he was not sure he saw the lantern, but thinks he saw a red lantern lying there. He thinks the hole was about five feet square, may be five to six feet deep1; the hole ran about four feet of the ear track over to the sidewalk. The hole ran up within a foot and a half of the car track; no one could drive a wagon between the end of the hole and the car track and there was not room enough for a vehicle to pass between the curbstone and the hole. He could not say that he saw any light there that night.
Mr. Sullivan, a member of the police department, testified that he was on duty the night of the accident on Southwest boulevard; he was three or four blocks
Mr. McYay, another witness for the city, testified that he was at the place of the accident a few minutes after it happened; his place of business was about one hundred feet north, ¿cross the street; he could not state that there were lights at the place before the accident happened. There was no light there at seven o’clock that evening; he thought the driver was very indifferent 'in getting his horses out of the hole, he acted as though “he had a little.”
Edward Cassidy testified that he was a fireman, a foreman at the Southwest boulevard, No. 9 Company; he was called out on the night of the accident to get a horse out of a hole in the street; the hole was about six feet deep; he saw a broken lantern there, one of the officers pitched it in and it was put on a shelf at the engine house; he did not know the driver, Frank Costello, he knew Mr. Crowder by sight; he could not say whether Costello was drinking” or not; the lantern he saw was just a common lantern. There was a plank lying on it when he got out there.
Dr. Baraclaw testified that he lived at 2849 Southwest boulevard, and remembered the accident and recognized the plaintiff as the lady he waited on on that occasion. Asked as to plaintiff’s condition as to being-intoxicated or drinking, he said he could not tell whether she had been or not; the other lady showed some evidence of hilarity, and one of the young men in the party was drunk; he could not tell his name, had not seen him since, could not identify him. The driver, Costello, and the witness, Crowder, were brought into court at the request of the defendant’s attorneys, and the doctor recognized Crowder as one of the party he saw on the night of the accident, but could not remember Costello, could not remember that Costello was intoxicated.
Mr. G. A. Baraclaw testified that he thought the driver was intoxicated some, but when confronted with Mr. Costello said he could not recognize him at all as the party he saw that night; that the man he saw, referred to as intoxicated, was another man.
Ben Williams, another witness, testified for the defendant that he was a hackdriver, and was driving-on Southwest boulevard that night, and met or passed Costello on the boulevard between Summit and Broadway; Costello was driving along in a pretty good gait; there was a light on the excavation when witness went out and when he came back; -he could not remember whether it was light or dark that night; had no trouble
This 'is about the substance of the evidence as to the lights. It also comprises the testimony substantially on the question as to whether Costello, the hack-driver, was intoxicated that evening.
As to the nature of the plaintiff’s injuries, the plaintiff herself testified that after her injuries she had not been able to work half the time; that she got a good position at Burd & Fletcher’s, but was sick so much of the time she had to give it up; she suffered with terrible headaches; sometimes she could work about three days in a week.
Dr. S. H, Ragan testified that he was called to see the plaintiff the next day after her accident and found a great many bruises on her person; he found the right elbow dislocated, he found the upper end of the radius turned around (indicated to the jury the way); the muscle called the biceps, when violence is brought to bear on it, pulls the head of the bone and ruptures the ligaments and pulls the bone around. She was bruised all over; she had had a fall of some kind; her head was bruised, quite a number of blue marks there. The injury to the elbow, in his opinion as a medical man, would be permanent. Injuries to the elbow joint are very slow to heal, they do not repair as other places because they are looser and a fall would make injury to a joint much easier. She had a number of bruises on her back, she complained of injuries in that region. There was also testimony that the plaintiff had lost some thirty or forty pounds in flesh since receiving her injuries, but the physician did not attribute the loss of the flesh to the injury of the-elbow, but said it might be, and in his opinion, was the result of the shock to the nervous system.
The jury were also fully justified in finding that the driver of the hack was not intoxicated, and under the circumstances was not guilty of negligence in driving into the ditch, of the existence of which he had no knowledge.
II. Complaint is made of the first instruction given for the plaintiff. That instruction is as follows:
“The court instructs the jury that if you find for the plaintiff, then in estimating the amount of damages to be awarded her you may take into consideration the physical pain, if any, or mental anguish, if any, that you may find and believe from the evidence plaintiff has suffered because or on account of such injuries, if any, and allow her such an amount therefor as under the evidence will reasonably compensate her for such physical pain, if any, or mental anguish, if any; and if you further find and believe from the evidence that plaintiff on account of such injuries, if any, was compelled to lose her means of livelihood, or will in the future he compelled to lose her means of livelihood, you may take this into consideration and allow her such an amount as you may find and believe from the evidence she is entitled to; and if you further find and believe*180 from the evidence that plaintiff will in the fntnre suffer either physical pain or mental anguish on account of such injuries, if any, you may also take that fact into consideration and allow her therefor such an amount as you may believe from the evidence will reasonably compensate her for such future physical pain, 'if any, or mental anguish, if any, not to exceed, however, in all the sum of five thousand dollars.”
It is insisted that this instruction is erroneous in that the damages therein allowed are not limited by the allegations of the petition. This criticism is based upon the fact that the plaintiff in stating her damages alleged that at the time of the bringing of the suit she had already lost one month’s time, amounting to thirty dollars, and it is complained that the court in the said instruction permitted her to recover not only for future damages that she might suffer by the loss of her means of livelihood, but permitted the jury to find damages in addition to the thirty dollars which she had already suffered because of the loss of her means of livelihood up to the time of the trial. When it is home in mind that the action was commenced on the 27th of September, 1901, and the allegations of the petition referred to the loss of her means of livelihood from the time of bringing the action, in addition to that which she had already lost, we think there is no merit in the objection to the instruction. The court properly submitted to the jury the damages she had suffered up to the time of the trial as well as those which she would suffer on account of her injuries in the future. We do not think the instruction broadens the recovery beyond that which was prayed for in the petition.
III. It is urged that error was committed in allowing the following question to, and answer by, the witness Mrs. Duffey: Q. ‘£ State whether or not, from your observation since she has been living at your house, she suffers any pain?” Ans. “Why, yes, she complains of
The other objection to evidence was that Mrs. Furnkas, in answer to the question, “How much of the time has she been able to work since the injury?” said, “Very little; she has not worked steady at all, I do not think, since the accident.” The point made on this answer is that the last sentence of it is mere conclusion or opinion. "VVe think there is very little merit in this objection; it is simply a statement of the witness’s own observation of the plaintiff and her work after she was hurt, and she was perfectly competent to state what her observation had been.
IV. Finally it is insisted that the damages allowed by the jury are excessive. We are often confronted with the contention that the damages allowed by juries aré excessive, and in personal injury cases it is sometimes apparent that juries are carried away by their sympathies and award amounts out of proportion to the real damages suffered. Each case presents its own merits or demerits, and little assistance can be derived