Lindblom v. Fallett

145 F. 805 | 9th Cir. | 1906

GILBERT, Circuit Judge,

after stating the case as above, delivered the opinion of the court.

That the verbal contract as to Claim No. 1 Below was made is well sustained by the testimony, not only of the defendant in error, but by that of other witnesses, and in fact it is not denied by any of the plaintiffs in error. Lindblom and Lindeberg both testified, not that no such contract was made, but that they did not remember it, and the other plaintiff in error was not called as a witness. The testimony shows, moreover, that, after the execution of the release, Lindblom and Lindeberg acknowledged their liability to the defendant in error on the contract for work on No. 1 Below and at different dates thereafter promised to settle with him, and .that it was not until three years thereafter that Lindblom denied liability to the defendant in error, which he did by saying that he had been advised not to settle with him. The work of developing claims was a work in which the defendant in error was evidently skilled. It is not denied that on the day on which his alleged oral agreement was made he went to Claim No. 1 Below with seven or eight men, opened it up, and soon thereafter discovered a rich pay streak. This discovery caused trouble between him and the plaintiffs in error. ■ The latter objected to his devoting his time to Claim No. 1 Below, and desired him to work on No. 6 Above and Discovery. Their differences led to the execution of the release. Immediately after the execution of that instrument, the defendant in error, according to his testimony, and his testimony is corroborated, proceeded to work on Claim No. 1 Below in pursuance of his oral contract, but the plaintiffs in error refused to permit him to work there.

It is contended that the trial court erred in admitting evidence of the verbal contract and in refusing to instruct the jury to return a verdict for the plaintiffs in error. It is argued that the written contract by its terms included work by the defendant in error on all four of the claims, and that to admit parol evidence of the verbal contract was to contradict the written contract and was error. We do not think so. In the first place the written contract is 'not free from ambiguity. It is true that it provided that the defendant in.error should give his undivided attention and labor in the development of the “Anvil Creek property” of the plaintiffs in error, but it goes on to specify that he was to receive as compensation 7 per centum of the net output of two claims, No. 6 Above and Discovery, and it provides that the agreement shall hold until “said claims” are worked out. It does not necessarily follow from the terms of this contract, as we read it, that the work was to be done on four claims, and we think it was not error to admit evidence to show that the Anvil Creek property contemplated in the agreement was the two specified claims which are named therein. Again, this construction of the agreement is borne out by the contemporaneous acts of the parties. Their understanding of the agreement is shown by testimony, which leaves no doubt that two months after the execution of the written agreement the oral agreement was entered into in regard to work on Claim No. 1 Below. To admit such parol testimony was not to vary the terms of the written contract, but was to explain its ambiguity and to show what property was meant in the designation in the written agreement of the Anvil Creek property.

It is contended that the court erred in charging the jury as follows: “The plaintiff claims damages for breach of an alleged oral contract entered into, according to the complaint, on or about June 15, 1899, and according to the evidence at a later date.”

It is objected to this instruction that it assumes that the oral contract was in fact entered into. But the court was careful to designate the contract as an “alleged oral contract,” and the reference to the evidence was not for the purpose of saying that the contract was established by the evidence, but for the purpose of directing the attention of the jury to the fact that the contract, as testified to by the parties, was not shown to have been made on the 15th of June, as alleged in the complaint, but at a later date.

Error is assigned to the following instruction: “It is incumbent upon the plaintiff, therefore, in this case, to show that the oral contract in regard to No. 1 Below was made as alleged in his complaint and the breach thereof by the defendants, and that this contract was separate from and independent of the written contract in regard to No. 6 and Discovery Claims, and that, at the time the written contract was made, it was made with reference only to Discovery and No. 6. On the other hand, in order to defeat this claim of the plaintiff, the defendants must show that the written contract was the only contract made between the parties, and that 'the release was executed as and was in fact a release of all claims under that contract.”

This instruction was excepted to as a whole. There can be no question that the first portion of it was proper, and that the exception therefore to the whole of it was not well taken. Nor are we convinced that the latter portion of the instruction was erroneous. The plaintiffs in error, in their defense to the action, relied wholly upon the written contract and the written release. What the court said to the jury by the instruction was, in substance, that the burden was upon the plaintiff to show that the written agreement did not include work on Claim No. 1 Below, and that the burden was on him to establish the oral contract. And the court charged the jury that, notwithstanding such proof of the verbal contract, and there was no contradiction of the evidence offered to sustain it, in order to defeat the claim of the plaintiff so supported by the evidence, the defendants must show that the written contract was the only one. Elsewhere in the charge the court properly instructed the jury as to the burden of proof, as follows: “You are instructed that in this case the affirmative of the issues is upon the plaintiff to prove the material allegations of his complaint and reply. On the other hand, the affirmative of the issues is upon the defendants to establish the matters and things alleged in their affirmative defense.”

We find no ground for reversing the judgment of the court below.

The judgment is affirmed.