Plaintiff appeals as of right from the trial court’s order granting a judgment on the jury verdict of no cause of action on his medical malpractice claim (Docket No. 68690) and the trial court’s order taxing actual costs and attorney fees against plaintiff (Docket No. 70510).
Decedent, plaintiff’s wife, was referred by her physician to defendant Gupta, a heart specialist, for treatment of chest pains. Defendant Gupta concluded that decedent had arteriosclerotic heart disease. Defendant Gupta made arrangements to have decedent admitted to defendant Hutzel Hospital for a catheterization. During the operation, performed by defendant Gupta on September 8, 1978, decedent experienced chest pain. Due to continuing chest pain, decedent was transferred to the coronary care unit for monitoring. After two days, decedent was transferred to a private general-care room. On September 11, 1978, decedent suffered a fatal heart attack. On May 22, 1979, plaintiff, as administrator of decedent’s estate, filed the instant wrongful death action against defendants Gupta and Hutzel Hospital, alleging medical malpractice. On November 23, 1982, the jury returned a verdict of no cause of action as to both defendants. On March 16, 1983, the trial *620 judge entered an order taxing plaintiff with actual costs and attorney fees as to Hutzel Hospital in the amount of $17,500 and $13,500 as to Dr. Gupta.
I
Approximately one month before trial, plaintiff executed a covenant not to sue Dr. Edmund Carey, a first-year resident physician who was assigned by the hospital to evaluate decedent upon admission and work with defendant Gupta on decedent’s case. The covenant not to sue Dr. Carey provided: "[t]his instrument is not a release to any of the claims made against Dr. Narsingh Gupta or Hutzel Hospital, nor to any other person whomsoever, but is simply a covenant not to sue Dr. Edmund Carey * * Defendant Hutzel Hospital made a pretrial motion to bar plaintiff from proceeding against defendant Hutzel Hospital for vicarious liability arising out of acts or omissions of Dr. Carey, based on the covenant not to sue. The trial court granted defendant Hutzel’s motion, ruling that a covenant not to sue an employee operates as a release as to the employer whose liability arises only by operation of law under respondeat superior. Plaintiff cited the contribution statute, MCL 600.2925d; MSA 27A.2925(4), for the proposition that the covenant not to sue did not discharge the hospital from liability. The trial judge rejected this argument, stating that MCL 600.2925d; MSA 27A.2925(4) was not applicable. Accordingly, he instructed the jury "[t]hat Hutzel Hospital is not liable for the acts or omissions of Dr. Edmund Carey”.
On appeal, plaintiff contends that he is entitled to a new trial because the trial court improperly granted defendant Hutzel’s motion and improperly *621 instructed the jury. Plaintiff argues that the trial court’s ruling prevented plaintiff from developing one of his major theories of liability against the hospital, that the cardiac catheterization should not have been performed on decedent and that defendant Hutzel’s agent, Dr. Carey, should have prevented defendant Gupta from performing it.
At common law, the release of one of several joint tortfeasors released all other joint tortfeasors.
Slater v Ianni Construction Co,
"When a release or a covenant not to sue or not to enforce judgment is given in good faith to 1 of 2 or more persons liable in tort for the same injury or the same wrongful death:
"It does not discharge any of the other tort-feasors from liability for the injury or wrongful death unless its terms so provide.” MCL 600.2925d; MSA 27A.2925(4).
Thus, under current Michigan law, the release of one of several joint tortfeasors does not release other joint tortfeasors unless the terms of the release so provide. However, where the master or principal’s liability is based solely on the doctrine of
respondeat superior,
the master or principal and servant or agent are technically not joint tortfeasors.
Geib v Slater,
Under the common law, there is a distinction between a covenant not to sue and a release of liability. See
Cook v City Transport Corp,
For similar reasons, we find that the trial court did not err reversibly by precluding argument regarding the hospital’s failure to prevent the catheterization. Plaintiffs argument was that defendant hospital was liable because Dr. Sobczek, Dr. Carey’s superior, should have prevented defendant Gupta from performing the catheterization. The jury’s finding that there was no negligence in regard to Dr. Gupta’s decision to perform the catheterization would render any possible error on this issue harmless. A principal, such as defendant Hutzel Hospital, cannot be held liable if the agent having primary responsibility is not liable. See
Ravenis v Detroit General Hospital,
*623 II
Plaintiff argues that he was denied a fair trial by certain remarks of defense counsel. First, plaintiff objects to the hospital’s attorney’s reference to the covenant not to sue Dr. Carey. Defense counsel’s reference to the covenant was made while objecting to plaintiff’s counsel’s direct examination of plaintiff’s expert:
"Furthermore, he’s asking for a question as to whether or not the hospital, through its agents violated the standard of care by the covenant not to sue that was given to Dr. Carey by the plaintiff, this Court has already ruled, he’s prohibited from going into this against the hospital.”
Plaintiff argues that he was prejudiced by this statement because the jury may have believed that plaintiff had discharged Dr. Carey from liability or given him immunity in exchange for perjured testimony. Plaintiff argues that such prejudice could not have been cured by a cautionary instruction. Defense counsel’s reference to the covenant not to sue was improper under
Brewer v Payless Stations, Inc,
Plaintiff also argues that he was denied a fair trial by defense counsel’s references to racism. The *624 record discloses that counsel for the hospital did refer to Dr. Gupta’s ethnic background, but only in the course of discussing his medical qualifications. We cannot conclude, as plaintiff suggests, that defense counsel’s questions were designed to inflame the jury against plaintiffs counsel. The remarks made by defendant Gupta’s counsel in closing argument are of a different nature. 2 The argument of Gupta’s counsel suggests that plaintiffs suit against defendant Gupta was motivated by Gupta’s ethnic background. Such argument was improper. It lacked evidentiary support and was calculated to arouse prejudice against plaintiff. Plaintiff did not object to defense counsel’s remarks but argues that the possible prejudice could not have been cured by an instruction from the bench. We do not believe that counsel’s argument was so prejudicial as to deny plaintiff a fair trial. Reetz, supra, p 103.
Ill
Plaintiff contends that the trial court improperly prevented plaintiff from presenting evidence that defendant hospital was negligent in not obtaining decedent’s informed consent and improperly instructed the jury that only defendant Gupta had a duty to inform the decedent of the risks and alternatives to the surgery performed. On appeal, plaintiff argues that a hospital has a duty to reasonably inform a patient undergoing a surgical procedure on its premises of the risks involved at *625 that hospital. Plaintiff argues that the trial court improperly precluded plaintiff from proving that defendant hospital breached its duty to reasonably inform plaintiff of the greater risk at defendant hospital due to the lack of surgical facilities.
We find no error. Before plaintiff may maintain a cause of action he must establish as a matter of law that defendant had a duty to plaintiff’s decedent.
Lanczki v Providence Hospital,
A physician has a duty to warn a patient of the consequences of a medical procedure.
Roberts v Young,
*626
Plaintiff also argues that since the hospital voluntarily undertook the duty to inform decedent, by supplying the informed consent form, there was a question of fact of whether the hospital reasonably informed decedent of the risks. Plaintiff cites
Magana v Elie,
108 Ill App 3d 1028;
"Whether the standard of care which defendant Hospital must meet to satisfy its duty to its patients provides that the Hospital require physicians to whom it grants use of its facilities to advise their patients of the risks attendant to treatment therein cannot be determined as a matter of law. It, instead, must be determined by proof of the requisite standard by which the Hospital’s conduct is to be measured. * * * If that standard of care provides that the Hospital take affirmative steps to require the physician to advise his patients of risks attached to the medical procedures to be carried out in the Hospital, a failure to meet such standard could be negligence.” 108 Ill App 3d 1032;439 NE2d 1322 (citations omitted).
In the present case, there was no allegation that defendant Hutzel does not require its doctors to advise patients of the risks of medical procedures performed at the hospital. Decedent’s consent was obtained on a form supplied by defendant hosptial. The form was signed, however, by defendant *627 Gupta. If there was any breach of the duty to inform decedent of the risks attached to the medical procedures to be carried out at the hospital, it was committed by defendant Gupta.
IV
Plaintiff contends that the trial court abused its discretion by denying plaintiffs motion to strike the testimony of Dr. Rhoda Powsner, M.D. Dr. Powsner was called by defendant hosptial to testify as to the standard of care of a hospital and the standard of care to which a cardiologist must conform in recommending a catheterization. During plaintiffs cross-examination, Dr. Powsner was asked whether there is a national standard of cardiac care. Dr. Powsner responded, "There are no actual national standards. There are variations within which—parameters within which care can be given.” at the conclusion of Powsner’s testimony, plaintiff moved to strike her testimony on the grounds that she incorrectly stated that there was not a national standard of care. We find no error. The testimony plaintiff complains of goes to the weight of the evidence, not the admissibility. Plaintiff called his own expert to testify as to the standard of care. The weight to be accorded these differing opinons was for the jury to decide.
Plaintiff also contends that the trial court abused its discretion by precluding plaintiff from impeaching Dr. Powsner’s qualifications and competence as an expert by introducing evidence of a 1977 circuit court opinion indicating that Dr. Powsner was properly denied privileges of performing catheterizations at St. Joseph Mercy Hospital because she was unqualified. The scope of cross-examination of witnesses rests in the sound discretion of the trial court.
Wilson v Stilwill,
411
*628
Mich 587, 599;
V
Prior to trial, defendants moved to quash the testimony of Abel Swirsky, a hospital administrator who would have testified as to the standard of care for administration of a hospital performing cardiac catheterizations and the standards of the Joint Commission of Accreditation of Hospitals. Plaintiff’s attorney responded with an offer of proof that Swirsky had 25 years of experience in the field of health care administration and had promulgated rules and regulations for the licensing of hospitals. Counsel conceded, however, that Swirsky lacked knowledge of proper medical treatment and relied on doctors for assessments of medical risks. On appeal, plaintiff asserts that the circuit court abused its discretion by granting defendants’ motion and subsequently disallowing plaintiff’s motion to call Swirsky as an expert rebuttal witness.
The qualification of expert witnesses is a matter for the discretion of the trial judge.
Siirila v Barr
*629
ios,
VI
We have examined the remainder of plaintiff’s contentions in Docket No. 68690 and find them without merit. The trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying plaintiff’s motion to amend his complaint, as the amendment would have been futile.
Ben P Fyke & Sons v Gunter Co,
*630 VII
Plaintiff also appeals from the trial court’s order taxing actual costs and attorney fees against plaintiff Prior to trial, a mediation panel recommended an award of $400,000 to plaintiff, consisting of $300,000 against defendant Gupta and $100,000 against defendant Hutzel. Defendant Gupta rejected the evaluation; defendant Hutzel accepted. Plaintiff’s counsel filed a partial acceptance and partial rejection of the award, accepting the award as to Gupta and rejecting the award as to Hutzel.
On December 6, 1982, the trial court entered a judgment of no cause of action in favor of defendants. The judgment provided that costs were to be taxed against plaintiff. On December 7, 1982, defendant Hutzel filed a motion for actual costs, pursuant to Wayne County Court Rule 403.15. On December 14, 1982, defendant Gupta filed his motion for taxation of actual costs. On December 21, 1982, plaintiff filed his claim of appeal. On February 18, 1983, the trial court heard arguments on defendants’ motions. Plaintiff argued that the circuit court no longer had jurisdiction to hear defendants’ motions, that defendants’ motions were untimely, and that defendants’ claims were not properly documented. Plaintiff also argued that defendant Gupta was not entitled to actual costs and attorney fees because plaintiff had accepted the mediation evaluation as to him. The judge disagreed, construing the partial acceptance as a rejection, and awarded costs and fees to both defendants under WCCR 403.15(e).
Plaintiff argues that the circuit court was without jurisdiction to award costs after plaintiff had filed his claim of appeal. We disagree. This Court gains jurisdiction over a case when the claim of appeal is filed and the entry fee is paid. GCR 1963, *631 802.1. However, a judgment is enforceable absent an order staying enforcement. See GCR 1963, 530. Here, the judgment had been entered taxing costs against plaintiff. All that remained to be done was a ministerial task of documenting the costs and fees. Clearly, the court rules contemplate such an overlap. Compare GCR 1963, 526.10, which allows 30 days after entry of judgment to file a bill of costs, with GCR 1963, 803.1, which sets a 20-day limit on filing a claim of appeal. Plaintiff’s claim, that defendants’ motions for costs were untimely, is similarly without merit. Costs were taxed by the court pursuant to GCR 1963, 526.10(1), not by the clerk pursuant to subsection (2). Defendants’ bill of costs also adequately complied with GCR 1963, 526.11.
We agree, however, that the circuit court erroneously interpreted WCCR 403.15, by construing the partial acceptance as a rejection. The fact that the court rule does not refer to multiple-party litigation is not grounds for interpreting it to require acceptance or rejection
in toto.
The policy of the rule is to expedite and simplify the final settlement of cases.
Cooper v Automotive Finishes, Inc,
VIII
The circuit court’s judgment on the jury verdict of no cause of action is affirmed (Docket No. 68690). That portion of the trial court’s order taxing actual costs and attorney fees against plaintiff as to defendant Gupta under WCCR 403.15(e) is reversed (Docket No. 70510).
Affirmed in part and reversed in part.
Notes
Plaintiff also contends that he was prejudiced by defendant Gupta’s counsel’s reference to the court’s ruling on the covenant when he stated in the presence of the jury: "He [Dr. Carey] is not my agent. I don’t believe, pursuant to the court’s prior ruling he is anybody’s agent. * * Counsel’s vague reference to the covenant is not the type of repeated, prejudicial reference that warrants a new trial. Reetz, supra, pp 105-106.
Counsel argued:
"I submit, ladies and gentlement of the jury, to you that if Doctor Gupta was—had red hair, blue eyes, white Anglo-Saxon, protestant. Where Mr. Maher went on at length about a white Anglo-Saxon protestant did this and that and did that. Now, he thought that, you know, maybe Mr. Quinn and Mr. Maher [plaintiffs attorneys] were a little prejudiced. They thought maybe the minorities, let’s give that one a shot.”