166 N.E. 364 | Ohio | 1929
The record discloses that upon the conclusion of all the testimony in the case the plaintiff in error, defendant below, submitted to the court four propositions of law, in writing, which it requested should be given to the jury by the court before argument, pursuant to Section 11447, paragraph 5, General Code, which provides: "When the evidence is concluded, either party may present written instructions to the court on matters of law, and request them to be given to the jury, which instructions shall be given or refused by the court before the argument to the jury is commenced."
The fourth request submitted was in language as follows: "Even though you should find the tail lights were not on, or not lighted, yet if by the exercise of ordinary care the plaintiff could have seen the car and avoided the collision, your verdict should be for the defendant." This request was refused.
Under the pleadings and the issues arising thereon, the testimony, and the claims of the respective *404 parties, it is apparent that two issues of fact arose: First, upon Hemperly's claim that the tail light of the Used Car Exchange Company's car was not lighted; second, upon the claim of the Used Car Exchange Company that Hemperly could have seen the car and avoided the collision by the exercise of ordinary care upon his part.
This request of the Used Car Exchange Company bore upon one of the crucial issues in the case. This court has heretofore held that this portion of the statute in question is mandatory.Chesrown v. Bevier,
As above stated, under the statute, this request, *405 if given, being in writing, would have been taken by the jury in their retirement to the jury room, and could have been considered by them in their deliberation. Its denial was prejudicial error. We therefore reverse the judgment in this case for the failure to give the fourth request.
Other grounds of error are urged by counsel in argument and in their brief, but we do not regard them of so vital a character as to justify a reversal, under the entire record. However, we may say that in the event of a retrial it would be advisable to give a closer adherence to the rule announced in the cases of Baltimore O. Rd. Co. v. Lockwood,
In view of the fact that, in the brief of counsel and in oral argument, much is said upon the subject of whether or not this record shows such a violation of Sections 6310-1 and 12614-3, General Code, as to justify the charge of the trial court upon negligence per se, it may be well to pass upon the same at this time.
The position of plaintiff in error in this behalf, as stated in its brief, is as follows: "The court charged the jury that a violation of Section 6310-1, General Code, was negligenceper se. That section provides for the lights to be shown as therein specified, while the motor vehicle is running. This was *406 not running at the time of the accident, but was standing still." The section in question reads as follows: "Every motor vehicle, * * * driven upon the public highways of the state, during the period from one-half hour after sunset to one-half hour before sunrise, and whenever fog renders it impossible to see at least two hundred feet ahead of such motor vehicle, shall display, while running, at least two lighted lamps on the forward part of such vehicle. * * * Every motor vehicle so operated shall display a red light from behind, and a white light shall be so arranged as to illuminate each and every part of the distinctive number borne upon a rear number plate."
In this connection, Section 6310-27, General Code, may be considered: "No vehicle shall stop on any road or highway, except with front and rear right wheels within one foot of the right hand side of the improved portion of the road, nor in any such way as to obstruct a free passage of the road." Also Section 12614-3, General Code, the pertinent part of which is as follows: "It shall be the duty of every person who operates, drives or has upon any public street, avenue, highway or bridge a vehicle on wheels, during the time from one hour after sunset to one hour before sunrise, to have attached thereto a light or lights the rays of which shall be visible at least two hundred feet from the front and two hundred feet from the rear."
As we have before indicated, the car of the plaintiff in error was standing, mostly upon the highway, between 7 and 8 o'clock in the evening of October 22d, and it is not contended that this was not within the night season, as provided for in Sections 6310-1 and 12614-3, General Code. *407
If the jury found that there was no rear light burning, as provided in Sections 6310-1 and 12614-3, General Code, at the time and place in question, and that such machine was thus upon the public highway, and in such way as to obstruct the free passage of the road, did such conduct upon the part of the plaintiff in error constitute negligence per se as laid down in the case of Schell v. Du Bois, Admr.,
We are of opinion that in the light of Schell v. Du Bois,supra, the violation of Sections 6310-1 and 12614-3, General Code, by the failure to display a rear light while standing after night upon a public highway, in such way as to obstruct the free passage of the road, is negligence per se, and would render one so doing liable in damages for an injury proximately caused thereby to one in the exercise of due care for his own safety at the time and place in question, and the trial court was right in so charging. See Chesrown v. Bevier, supra, where, among the grounds of negligence, was the failure to display proper lights. It was there held: "The violation of a statute passed for the protection of the public is negligence per se.
(Schell v. Du Bois, Admr.,
"The question is, whether a motor car which is left standing upon a highway after dark without lights and with the engine at rest can be found to be 'operated' within the meaning and intent of the statute.
"It is obvious that a motor car standing upon a highway under such conditions may be fully as great a menace to the safety of travelers as if running upon the way without lights, and that the danger of serious injury to travelers by coming in contact with such a car would be very great.
"The word 'operated' is not, as the defendant contends, limited to a state of motion produced by the mechanism of the car, but includes at least ordinary stops upon the highway, and such stops are to be regarded as fairly incidental to its operation. * * *
"The statute must be read with reference to its *409
manifest intent and spirit and cannot be limited to the literal meaning of a single word. It must be construed as a whole and interpreted according to the sense in which the words are employed, regard being had to the plain intention of the legislature. So considered, we cannot doubt that the statute is broad enough to include automobiles at rest, as well as in motion, upon the highways. Jaquith v. Worden,
See, also, the case of Murphy v. Hawthorne,
In the case of Koplovitz v. Jensen,
See, also, the cases of Scheppmann v. Swennes,
Additional authorities might be given, but we are *410 of opinion that the fact that the machine in question was not running, as argued by counsel for plaintiff in error, is no defense, and that a violation of either Section 6310-1 or Section 12614-3, General Code, which provide for the display of lights upon the front and rear of motor vehicles operated upon the highway at night, is negligence per se, warranting a recovery by the one damaged, as a direct and proximate cause of such negligence, provided such person is in the exercise of due care for his own safety at the time and place in question.
For the reason stated, to wit, the failure to give request No. 4 before argument, in violation of Section 11447, paragraph 5, General Code, it becomes our duty to reverse this judgment and remand the cause to the court of common pleas for further proceedings according to law.
Judgment reversed and cause remanded.
MARSHALL, C.J., KINKADE, ROBINSON, JONES, MATTHIAS and ALLEN, JJ., concur.