96 Ind. 260 | Ind. | 1884
This action was instituted by the appellant
1st. That the court erred in overruling the motion for a new trial.
2d. That the court erred in limiting the appellant’s right to redeem to less time than one year allowed by the statute.
The amended complaint, in substance, averred that Miller, on the 20th day of January, 1881, recovered a judgment in the Marshall Circuit Court" against the appellant and James F. Liggett, her husband, for $987.46, and the foreclosure of a mortgage executed to him by them, upon certain real estate, which is described in the complaint; that Astley, as such sheriff, on the 5th day of March, 1881, under and by virtue of an order of sale issued upon said judgment, offered said real estate for sale to satisfy said judgment, and that Miller, by his attorney of record, bid therefor $1,718.62, and, no person bidding more, the same was struck off to him for said sum; that at the time of said sale thereuwas due to Miller, on his judgment, principal and interest, the sum of $997.41, and the further sum of $74.05 being the costs of said action, and expenses of sale; that Miller, by his said attorney, receipted to the sheriff for the amount of his judgment, and paid' said costs and expenses, and, thereupon, said sheriff made out and tendered to Miller a certificate of purchase for said real estate, and demanded of him payment of the balance of said purchase-money, being $647.16, which he refused to pay, and denied that said attorney bad any authority to act for him in
The material averments in the supplemental complaint . were, that after the commencement of this action Firestone petitioned the court, in the proceeding instituted by said sheriff against Miller, as aforesaid, to be made a party thereto, alleging, in his petition, that he was the real party in interest in the action to foreclose said mortgage, and that said real estate was bid off at said sheriff’s sale for his benefit, and for him, and not for Miller. It was also therein averred that the court in said proceeding found that the facts alleged by Firestone in his petition were true, and he was made a party to said proceeding, and was ordered by the court to pay to the sheriff the balance of said purchase-money, with interest, and that upon the payment thereof by him the sheriff was directed to execute to him a certificate of sale for said real estate; that Firestone, on the 7th day of July, 1882, paid to the sheriff the amount which he was so ordered by the court to pay, and that said sheriff, on said day, executed to him said certificate of sale, and returned said order of sale, and paid to the clerk of the court the balance of said purchase-money, amounting to $700.56, and that the same was then in the hands of said clerk, etc.
The action was determined by the court on the 13th day of November, 1882, by the rendition of a judgment in favor of the appellant, by which it was adjudged that she might redeem said real estate on or before the 20th day of January, 1883, by paying to the clerk of the court, for the benefit of Firestone, the sum for which it had been sold, viz., $1,718.62, with interest thereon from the 5th day of March, 1881. To the rendition of this judgment the appellant excepted. The reasons assigned by her for a new trial were, that the finding and judgment of the court was not sustained by sufficient evidence and was contrary to the evidence, and that said finding and judgment was contrary to law.
We infer from the recitals in the record, that no evidence
The question presented for our consideration is, when did the appellant’s right of redemption expire? The determination of the question depends solely upon the correct solution of the inclusive one, when was the sale completed ? ' If it was consummated by the mere sale of the real estate by the sheriff without the payment of the purchase-money, then the time for redemption expired in one year from that time, viz., on the 5th day of March, 1882, while, on the other hand, if the payment of the purchase-money was essential to complete the sale, the time for redemption did not expire until the 7th day of July, 1883, being one year from the time the pm-chase-money was paid. The right of redemption expired at the one time or the other. The coux’t ei'i'ed in fixing it at the .time designated in the judgment, viz., January 20th, 1883. “The, right to redeem property sold at sheriff’s sale upon axx execution or order of sale issued upon ordinary judgments, decrees, or other judicial proceedings within this State, is regulated by statutory law, and, to be made available, must be exercised within one year from the date of sale.” Cummings
The vital question is, when was the sale under consideration consummated? It is settled by the authorities that judicial sales must be for cash. Chapman v. Harwood, 8 Blackf. 82 (44 Am. Dec. 736); Ruckle v. Barbour, 48 Ind. 274; McCormick v. Walter A. Wood, etc., Co., 72Tnd. 518; Carnahan v. Yerkes, 87 Ind. 62; Rorer Judicial Sales, section 729. In Chapman v. Harwood, supra, it was said by this court: “Besides, if the sheriff had even conveyed the land without receiving the purchase-money, the conveyance would have been void, because he had no authority to sell except for cash. He is a special agent, and can not exceed the powers which the law gives him.” In Ruckle v. Barbour, supra, it was held that the payment of the purchase-money constitutes a condition precedent to the power of the-sheriff to issue a certificate of purchase, and that a certificate issued without the payment of the purchase-money is void, because the sheriff possesses no power to issue it. And in Carnahan v. Yerkes, supra, it was held that it is the payment of the purchase-money that completes the sale. The principle enunciated in these cases is founded on justice, and is supported by reason. They establish, or recognize, a safe and salutary rule, to be applied in cases like this. A purchaser at a sheriff’s sale may be insolvent or irresponsible, or he may have no intention of completing his purchase by paying the purchase-money, or he may abandon his intention of consummating the purchase, if such intention existed. To hold, under such circumstances, that the person desiring to redeem, must, in order to do so, pay to such purchaser the amount bid, but not paid, by him
We think, and therefore hold, that a sale of real estate by a sheriff upon an execution, or order of sale, can not be. regarded as completed or consummated, so far, at least, as the right of redemption is involved, until the purchase-money is fully paid, and that the time allowed by the statute for redemption commences to run from that time and not before. In this case the purchase-money was not fully paid until the 7th day of July, 1.882; hence the appellant’s right of redemption did not expire until one year from that time. • For the error of the court in fixing the time for redemption at an earlier period the judgment must be reversed.
Pee Curiam. — The. judgment of the court below is reversed at the costs of the appellee Firestone.