48 N.J. 255 | N.J. | 1966
The opinion of the court was delivered by
In 1961 the owner Lardieri and driver Licata, the plaintiffs here, entered into an agreement whereby Licata operated a taxicab under terms almost identical to those described in the case of Naseef v. Cord, decided today. 48 N. J. 317 (1966). The same paragraph 8 appeared in the contract:
“The parties further agree that the provisions of Article II, Chapter 15, Revised Statutes of New Jersey 84:15-7 et seq., commonly known as the Workmen’s Compensation Act, shall not apply to either of them or this coxxtx’act.”
As a result of an accident involving plaintiff Licata and Richard Lutz, an uninsured motorist, a consent judgment was entered between the Unsatisfied Claim and Judgment Fund of New Jersey (Fund) and plaintiffs, awarding William Lardieri, owner of the taxi, damages for loss of property and James Licata, driver of the taxi, damages for personal injuries. Plaintiffs moved to compel payment by the Fund in accordance with the entered judgment. The trial court found compliance with the provisions of the Fund law and ordered
The Appellate Division affirmed. We granted certification on the Fund’s petition. 46 N. J. 608 (1966).
The Fund resists the claim for personal injuries on the ground that plaintiff was covered by the Workmen’s Compensation Act, N. J. S. A. 34:15-1 et seq., and, therefore, not entitled to the benefits under N. J. S. A. 39 :6-70(a), which provides:
“The court shall proceed upon such application, in a summary manner, and, upon the hearing thereof, the applicant shall be required to show
(a) He is not a person covered with respect to such injury or death by any workmen’s compensation law, or the personal representative of such a person, * *
The Fund reads the statute to embrace Article I of the Workmen’s Compensation Act, which is that portion (N. J. S. A. 34:15-1 through 34:15-6) which redefines the common-law tort remedies against a negligent employer and eliminates certain defenses. Under this broad reading of the statute, even if paragraph 8 succeeds in barring petitioner’s claim under Article II, petitioner still would have the benefits of Article I, as the provisions of this article are imposed by law and cannot be barred. John Hancock Mutual Life Ins. Co. v. Lieb, 11 N. J. Misc. 316, 165 A. 720 (Sup. Ct. 1933), affirmed o. b. 113 N. J. L. 34 (E. & A. 1934). The logical conclusion of this argument is that the employee covered by Article I cannot claim against the Fund even if his employer is not negligent, thus leaving the employee without a remedy against either the Fund or his employer.
It is most unlikely that the Legislature could have intended the statute to have such a restrictive meaning which would exclude many persons who have legal and just claims.
Article I coverage and Article II coverage are easily differentiated. The remedies under Article II are the simple, ordinary workmen’s compensation schedule of benefits before the Division of Workmen’s Compensation. N. J. S. A. 34:15-12. The employee who is covered by Article II has a remedy that is readily available and difficult to defeat.
The Article I remedy imposes more burdens upon the employee. The employee who is covered by Article I must be ready to face the rigors of litigation in the law courts. Zietko v. N. J. Manufacturers Casualty Ins. Co., 132 N. J. L. 206 (E. & A. 1944); Cowart v. Freehold, 127 N. J. L. 215 (E. & A. 1941); compare Mason v. Niewinski, 66 N. J. Super. 358 (App. Div. 1961). He must allege and prove negligence on the part of his employer, N. J. S. A. 34:15-1. Even though his injury arose by accident out of and in the course of his employment, he is not guaranteed a recovery. In no sense can an employee covered only by the provisions of Article I be considered “covered * * * by any workmen’s compensation law” within the meaning of N. J. S. A. 39 :6-70 (a). See Bass v. Allen Some Improvement Co., 8 N. J. 219, 226 (1951).
Of course, a petitioner would have to comply with the provision of the Fund Act that requires a Fund claimant to show whether he has' recovered against “any other person
“* * * fully pursued and exhausted all remedies available to him for recovering damages against all persons * * * by
(1) Commencing action against all persons against whom the applicant might reasonably be considered as having a cause of action * * * and prosecuting every such action in good faith to judgment * * * ”1
As was stated in Naseef, the success or failure of paragraph 8 depends upon whether, considering all the circumstances, it was understood by the employee that he was not. to have the benefits of Article II coverage. See Naseef, supra; John Hancock, supra.
Here, unlike Naseef, the employee does not raise the issues of the sufficiency of the notice or the ambiguity thereof under paragraph 8. Nor does he contend that he misunderstood the employer’s notice to him. Plaintiff Licata states that he knew and understood the owner’s intention by paragraph 8 and the legal consequences thereof.
Similarly, the owner, Lardieri, does not challenge the sufficiency or the ambiguity of the notice, nor could he if he were so disposed. Neither Lardieri nor Licata contend that paragraph 8 is unenforceable because it is found in an agreement illegal under a Newark ordinance. It is the Pund that injects this issue into the case under N. J. S. A. 39:6-70(a).
The Fund also argues that paragraph 8 is unenforceable because it is found in an illegal agreement and Licata therefore receives the presumptive coverage of Article II and may not recover against the Fund under N. J. S. A. 39:6-70(a).
We find no merit in this argument. The employer could not be heard to say that his notice was defective, and we see
As already noted, the purpose of the Fund Act is to compensate victims who have no remedy readily available elsewhere because the parties responsible are unknown or insolvent and uninsured. Persons who have a remedy readily available, such as Article II Workmen’s Compensation coverage, are excluded from the benefits of the Fund Act.
It is most improbable .that the Legislature intended that the provisions of N. J. S. A. 39 :6-70(a) permit the Fund to raise subtleties of the Workmen’s Compensation Law not raised by either the employer or the employee in order to defeat an otherwise valid claim against the Fund. Such an interpretation would be inconsistent with the beneficent purpose of the Fund Act.
Thus, it is not necessary to consider the issue of the legality of the “lease arrangement” under the Newark ordinance.
Plaintiff was not covered by Article II of the Workmen’s Compensation Act and, as he has complied with all of the requirements of the Unsatisfied Claim and Judgment Fund Law, is thus entitled to recover against the Fund.
Affirmed.
For affirmance — Chief Justice Weintkaub and Justices ■Jacobs, Francis, Pkootok, Hall, Schettino and Hane.MAN — 7.
For reversal — None.
For example, if an employer was negligent and as a result thereof the employee was injured, the employee would be required to sue his employer under Article I.
