110 Me. 449 | Me. | 1913
This is a petition brought under R. S., Chap. 6, Sections 70^74 to determine whether the petitioners were severally elected to the offices for which they were candidates at the munici
The ballot used at the election had four columns, or party groups of names, “Democrat,” “Republican,” “Progressive” and “Citizens.” The names in the “Republican” and “Citizen” columns were identically the same. The names in the “Progressive” column, were the same as in the “Republican” and “Citizen” columns, except for the office of mayor. The names of all the petitioners appeared in all three of these columns. The names of all the respondents appeared in the “Democrat” column.
We shall need to consider only such ballots counted or rejected, as were in dispute before the single Justice. They are sixteen in number. Of these the single Justice counted three for the petitioners, three for the respondents, and rejected ten as defective. No objection is now made to the three that were counted for the respondents, so that they disappear from the case. For convenience we number the remaining thirteen serially. Ballots 1 to 7 inclusive have no cross in any of the squares at the heads of columns. Five of these, however, have crosses in the column against or under the names of one or more, and in one Case, all of the respondents. One has a cross under the name of the candidate for mayor in the “Democrat” column, and one a cross under the name of the candidate for mayor in the “Citizens” column. Ballots 8 and 9 have crosses in the squares at the head of both the “Republican” and “Citizens” columns. Ballot 10 has crosses in the squares at the head of both the “Republican” and “Progressive” columns. Ballot 11 was marked as follows in the square at the top of the “Democrat” column: — First, as may be believed, the voter made a cross with a
Ballot 12 has “Geo. H.” written on the (bottom of it.
Ballot 13 is not ¡before us for examination. It is claimed in the appeal that it was inadvertently returned in the ballot box to the city clerk, after the hearing, and so was not retained among the contested ballots. But we think it is not necessary to examine it, for we assume that it is correctly described in the appeal. The appeal states that the name “Jas. A. Scoot was written under the name of John D. Clifford,” one of the respondents, or “George K. Elder” one of the petitioners, the names of Clifford and Elder being opposite to each other in adjoining columns', and the reason assigned in the appeal for rejecting the ballot is that there is no- voter by the name of Jas. A. ¡Scoot in the city of Eewiston. Hence it -is claimed that the name is a distinguishing mark.
Most of the essential rules which govern the manner of voting under the so called Australian Ballot law of this State, and of counting the ballots, were carefully considered and determined in Bartlett v. McIntire, 108 Maine, 161, and Pease v. Ballou, 108 Maine, 177. The statutory provisions in force when those cases
“On receipt of his ballot the voter shall forthwith, and without leaving the enclosed space, retire alone to one of the voting Shelves or compartments so provided and shall prepare his ballot by marking in the appropriate margin or place a cross (x) as follows: He may place such mark within the square above the name of the party group or ticket, in which case he shall foe deemed to have voted for all the persons named in the group under such party or designation.” Then follow provisions for erasing names and filling in other names, and for the use of stickers. “Before leaving the voting shelf or compartment the voter shall fold his ballot without displaying the marks thereon, in the same way it was folded when received by him, and he shall keep the same so folded until he has voted.” R. S., Chap. 6, Sect. 24. “If a voter marks more names for any one office than there are persons to be elected to such office, or if for any reason it is impossible to determine the voter’s choice for an office to foe filled, his ballot shall not be counted for such office. No ballot without -the official endorsement shall, except as herein otherwise provided, be allowed to be deposited' in the ballot box, and none but ballots provided in accordance with the provisions of this chapter shall be counted. Ballots not counted shall be marked defective on the back thereof, and shall foe preserved, as required by section twenty-five.” R. S., Chap. 6, Sect. 27.
Under these statutory provisions, it was held in Bartlett v. McIntire, supra, among other things, that although in the original statute, Raws of 1891, Chapter 102, one of the ways by which the voter was authorized to indicate his choice was by making a -cross in a blank space opposite the name of the candidate of his choice, yet the amendment of 1893, Chapter 267, rendered inapplicable the foregoing provision of -the statute of 1891, that marking in the margin or opposite the name of a candidate was no- longer recognized as a legal method of marking, that the only marking permissible under the statutes then in force, in order legally to indicate a choice must be in the square at the head of the party group, that while marking in the margin -opposite a candidate’s name did not necessarily invalidate a ballot, that alone could not validate one, because it was not a
Furthermore is was held, in the same case, that before a ballot should be rejected because of an alleged distinguishing mark, it should appear (i) that the mark is in fact a distinguishing mark, that is, a mark or device of such a character as to distinguish this ballot from others, (2) that it was made intentionally, and not accidentally, and (3) that it was intended' to be a distinguishing mark, that is, a mark which fairly imports upon its face design and dishonest purpose. But, it was also held, “if a voter has placed such a mark or device or name or initials or figures upon the ballot as seem inconsistent with an honest purpose, such a ballot should be rejected.”
By Public Laws of 1911, .Chapter 71, the Legislature amended Section 27 of Chapter 6, Revised Statutes by adding the following words: “No marks, other than those authorized by law, shall be placed upon the ballot by the voter, but no ballot, after having been received by the election officers, shall be rejected as defective because of marks, other than those authorized by law, having been placed upon .it by the voter, unless such marks are deemed tO' have been made with fraudulent intent, and no ballot shall be rejected as defective because of any irregularity in the form of the cross in the square at the head of the party column, unless such irregularity is deemed to have been intentional and made with a fraudulent purpose.”
The amendment of 19m seems to have been framed to modify some strict rules of rejection expressed in the earlier cases, Curran v. Clayton, 86 Maine, 42 and Durgin v. Curran, 106 Maine, 509, and is not inconsistent in the main with the modified rules expressed in Bartlett v. Mclntire. The requirement that a ballot, to be counted, must be marked with a cross in the square at the head of a party column is neither abrogated nor modified. The law in this respect stands as declared in Bartlett v. McIntire. It is true, indeed, that the 1911 statute expressly prohibits the placing of any mark upon the ballot by the voter other than those authorized by .law. But it is
The plain intendment of the statute seems to be that all ballots marked with a cross in -the .square at the head of the column shall be counted, if the intention of the voter can be ascertained, no matter whatever other casual, accidental, mistaken or unnecessary marks the voter may have placed upon the ballot, provided the same are not deemed to have -been fraudulently made. And since the manifest purpose o,f the Australian ballot law i-s to secure the secrecy of the ballot and thereby prevent bribery and corruption at the polls, Bartlett v. McIntire, supra, .it must follow that when a voter has made unauthorized marks upon- his ballot, or has made a peculiar or irregular mark in the proper -place, with a design to distinguish it from, other ballots, so- that the identity of the voter can be determined afterwards, and so that it may be ascertained that he has kept his part of a bargain, such marking must be deemed dishonest and fraudulent; and the ballot must be rejected.
We now come to a consideration of the particular ballots involved in the decision of this -case. Under the foregoing rules, it is manifest that ballots x to 7 inclusive must be rejected. However clearly the voters who marked these ballots may have indicated .their intentions by other markings on the ballots, they failed to comply with the one essential statutory requirement that ballots must ,be marked with a cross in the square at the head of a party column. This is indispensable. Whatever else he does the voter must express his intention as the statute requires. Bartlett v. McIntire, supra.
Ballot 11 presents a different question. If it be assumed, as we think it may, that the voter first made a pencilled cross in the square, he .then covered over the connecting part of the cross with three stickers, one running at nearly right angles with the other two. What remains now of what we assume was once a cross does not appear to the eye as a cross, but rather the three ends of the original lines, the fourth, as well as the connecting paint, being entirely concealed. 'So the voter left it. He left no visible cross except that made by the stickers. Besides, it is difficult to understand what good or allowable purpose the voter had in so preparing his ballot. It is manifest that it was not done accidentally. It was designed. What was the purpose? If he had only used one sticker it might be concluded that he 'had intended to vote a split Democratic ticket, with Mr. Callahan for mayor, but mistook the proper place for the sticker. But why use three? We can judge of the ballot only by the voter’s acts. His acts indicate that the stickers were not placed there inadvertently, but for a purpose. What good purpose could they serve? None. If such a ballot as this is not to be rejected for
Ballot 12 falls in the same category. The voter wrote “Geo-. H.” on the bottom of his ballot. This is clearly an unlawful distinguishing mark. The act itself imports a dishonest, fraudulent purpose! The ballot cannot be counted.
In ballot 13, the name “Jas. A. Scoot” appears written in the body of the ballot, under the name of John D. Clifford, or that of George K. Elder, or perhaps partly under both. It is stated in the appeal that there is no voter of that name in ward 2, or in the city. But we have no evidence before us on the subject, either way. Even if the allegation were proved, the writing in of his name, unless fraudulently done, would noit necessarily invalidate the ballot. A voter may vote for whom he pleases, whether the name be on the official ballot, or is written in by himself. The eligibility of his candidate does not affect the validity of his ballot. The place where the name was written -indicates on the face of it a purpose to vote for a person o-f that name, rather than a fraudulent purpose to make a distinguishing mark. We think this ballot should be counted for the petitioners. Inasmuch as this ballot is not included by the presiding Justice as one of the disputed ballots, we assume that he counted it with the undisputed ballots. We will d'o likewise, and add it to the count for the petitioners.
We conclude therefore that there should be counted for the petitioners and 'the respondents respectively the following numbers of ballots.
For Alderman
For George F. Eibby (petitioner)
Undisputed ballots, 259
Ballots 8, 9 and 10, 3
262
For Charles G. English (respondent)
undisputed ballots, 257
*458 For common eouneiknen
For Charles G. Kernan (petitioner)
Undisputed ballots, 260
Ballots 8, 9 and 10 to be added, 3
263
For Charles F. Maines (petitioner)
Undisputed ballots, 258
Ballots 8, 9 and 10 to be added, 3
261.
For Henry A. 'Coombs (petitioner)
Undisputed ballots, 259
Ballots 8, 9 and 10 to be added, ■ 3
262
For James E. Ballard (respondent) 261
For Ferdinant Ebert (respondent) 256
For M. A. Sullivan (respondent) 260
For member of Superintending School Committee
For George K. Elder (petitioner)
Undisputed ballots, 258
Ballots 8, 9 and 10 to be added', 3
261
For John D. Clifford (respondent) 259
For Warden
For Alexander McM'inn (petitioner)
Undisputed ballots, 258
Ballots 8, 9 and 10 to be added, 3
261
For Thomas F. Hawkins (respondent)
Undisputed ballots, 259
For Ward Clerk
For John L. Reade (petitioner)
Undisputed ballots, 259
Ballots 8, 9 and 10 to be added, 3
262
*459 For M. F. M'cGillicuddy (respondent)
Undisputed ballots, 260
It is therefore held that the petitioners receiving a plurality of the ballots cast at the municipal election in ward 2 in. the city of Lewiston, held on the first Monday in March, 1913, were duly elected, as follows:—
George F. Libby to the office of alderman.
Charles G. Kernan and_ Henry A. Coombs to the office of common councilmen.
George K. • Elder to the office of Superintending School Committeeman.
Alexander McMinn to the office of warden, and John L. Reade to the office of ward clerk.
It appearing that Charles F. Maines and James E. Ballard received an equal number of ballots for the office of common councilman, it is held that neither was elected. It is moreover held that since the petitioner has not shown himself entitled to- the office, the petition cannot 'be sustained as to him. Benner v. Payson, 110 Maine, 204.
Petition sustained with single bill of costs in cases of petitioners Libby, Kernan, Coombs, Blder, McMinn and Reade; dismissed in case of petitioner Maines.