Lewis v. Terry

111 Cal. 39 | Cal. | 1896

Britt, C.

It is alleged in the complaint in this case, among other things, that defendants were engaged as copartners in the business of selling household furniture, and that among the wares dealt in by them were certain folding beds, which were represented and warranted by defendants to their customers and the public to be safe for use; that defendants in the course of said business sold and delivered one of said beds to a Mr. Apperson and his wife, and expressly represented and warranted to them that such bed was so constructed that itwould stand upright against the wall, and when wanted for use its front could with little effort be lowered to a horizontal position by means of hinges at the bottom; that a solid piece of iron inclosed in the framework at the back of the bed, acted as a balance to the front part while being lowered, and rendered it easy to raise or lower the same with perfect safety; that as soon as the front part was lowered the legs of the same -would automatically descend and securely lock themselves, so that the outer end of the bed would be firmly supported in its horizontal position upon its said legs. It is further alleged that there was an inherent and latent defect in said bed so that the said legs would sometimes fail to adjust and secure themselves, with the result that if any weight should be placed on the bed the heavy upright frame would be precipitated with such force upon the lowered portion of the bed as to crush, wound, and even kill anyone reclining thereon, and that such defect rendered the bed dangerous to all who might use it. That defendants, with full knowledge of such defect and of such danger, sold the bed to the Appersons without warning them thereof, and assured them that it was perfectly safe. That plaintiff rented a room from the Appersons, and on the day the bed was purchased from defendants by them it was placed in such room for plaintiff to sleep on. That a few days later the plaintiff, being about to retire for the night, opened and let down the bed, and, the legs thereof being apparently secure, she, in the course of her preparations for retiring, leaned with her left arm upon the side of the bed; and while she was in this attitude the heavy upright framework of the bed fell forward and downward upon the horizontal part and upon the plaintiff, breaking her arm and otherwise injuring her, to -her damage, etc. A demurrer to this complaint on the ground that it fails to state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action was sustained, and judgment passed for defendants.

The complaint is faulty in not stating directly that the fall of the bed was caused by the latent defect described, but as the argument of the parties has proceeded on the theory that such was the fact we may join in that assumption. (Schubert v. J. R. Clark Co., 49 Minn. 335; 32 Am. St. Rep. 559.) We agree that the action cannot be sustained on the ground of any privity of contract between plaintiff and defendants, ,-Jfor there was none. If a tradesman sells or furnishes for use an article actually unsound and dangerous, but which he believes to be safe and warrants accordingly, he is not liable for injuries resulting from its defective or unsafe condition to a person who was neither a party to the contract with him, nor one for whose benefit the contract was made. (Coughtry v. Globe Woolen Co., 56 N. Y. 127; 15 Am. Rep. 387; Heizer v. Kingsland Mfg. Co., 110 Mo. 605; 33 Am. St. Rep. 482; Winterbottom v. Wright, 10 Mees. & W. 109, the leading case; Shearman and Bedfield on Negligence, sec. 116; 1 Seven on Negligence, 60, et seq.) But when the seller, as in the case made by the complaint before us, represents the article to be safe for the uses it was designed to serve, when he knows it to be dangerous because of concealed defects, he commits a wrong.independent of his contract, and brings himself within the operation of a principle of the law of torts. “It is well settled that a man! who delivers an article, which he knows to be danger ous or noxious, to another person, without notice of its nature and qualities, is liable for any injury which may be reasonably contemplated as likely to result, and which does in fact result therefrom, to that person or any other who is not himself in fault.” Wellington v. Downer etc. Oil Co., 104 Mass. 64, per Gray, J.; Schubert v. J. R. Clark Co., supra; Elkins v. McKean, 79 Pa. St. 493; Shearman and Redfield on Negligence, sec. 117; see Civ. Code, secs. 43, 1708.) The liability of the willful wrongdoer in like instances is recognized in several cases cited in support of the judgment: Longmeid v. Holliday, 6 Ex. .765; Heizer v. Kingsland Mfg. Co., supra.

The fact insisted upon by respondent that a bed is not ordinarily a dangerous instrumentality is of no moment in this case; if mere nonfeasance or perhaps misfeasance were the extent of the wrong charged against defendants that consideration would be important (Thomas v. Winchester, 6 N. Y. 397; 57 Am. Dec. 455); but the fact that such articles are in general not dangerous would seem to enhance the wrong of representing one to be safe for use when known to be really unsafe, for the danger is thus rendered more insidious.

Nor is the further point that the chain of causation implicating defendants in the injury was broken by the intervention of the Appersons as the persons who' furnished the bed immediately to the plaintiff, available to defendants on this appeal, j To have that effect it must appear that the AppWsons knew of the defect in the structure of the bed, and so were a culpable intervening cause, and this does not appear on the face of the complaint. (Pastene v. Adams, 49 Cal. 87; 1 Beven oil Negligence, 76.) The judgment should he reversed, with instructions to the court below to overrule the demurrer,.

Haynes, C„, and Belches, C., concurred.

For the reasons given in the foregoing opinion the judgment is reversed, with instructions to the court below to overrule the demurrer.

Harrison, J., Garoutte, J., Van Fleet, J.

Hearing in Bank denied.