140 Va. 712 | Va. Ct. App. | 1924
delivered the opinion of the court.
On the 5th day of September, 1915, Edward D. Starke, Jr., an infant, was injured in an automobile accident by Nathan Levine, and by his next friend sued Levine for damages for said injury, and on the 2nd day of February, 1916, in the Law and Chancery Court of Norfolk, recovered a judgment against Nathan Levine for $750.00 with interest and costs.
Nothing was ever realized on this judgment, whereupon, on the 9th day of January, 1923, Edward D. Starke, Jr., an infant, by Edward D. Starke, his father and next friend, by his attorney, sued out an execu
“It is important, in the first place, properly to understand the nature and effect of the process of garnishment. Garnishment is substantially .a suit by the defendant in the name of the plaintiff against the garnishee. * * * * * In a ease before the Circuit Court of the United States, Daniel, L, said: ‘The proceeding must be regarded as a civil suit, and not as a process of execution to enforce a judgment already rendered. In this proceeding the parties have a day in court; an issue of fact may be tried by a jury; evidence adduced, judgment rendered, costs adjudged, and execution issued on the judgment.’ Tunstall v. Worthington, Hempstead’s Rep. 662; Drake on Attachment, section 452.” Rollo v. Andes Ins. Co., 23 Gratt. (64 Va.), pages 512-513 (14 Am. Rep. 147).
Garnishment is a statutory proceeding to enforce the lien of a writ of fieri facias on a liability of any other person than the judgment debtor, wherein the summons serves the purpose both of a writ and declaration. Virginia Code, sections 6509-10.
As stated above, service of a copy of the summons was not had upon Levine, the judgment debtor. Section 6509 of the Code of Virginia, requiring service of the garnishment summons on the judgment debtor, or an order of publication in case he is a nonresident, is mandatory and the trial should not proceed until the notice reqmred by statute is given the judgment debtor.
This being in substance all the evidence in the case, the court instructed the jury as follows: “The court instructs the jury that the burden is upon the plaintiff to prove by a preponderance of the evidence that the garnishees are indebted'to Mr. Levine, since January 11, 1923, and the amount, if any, of such indebtedness.” Whereupon, the jury retired and after some time returned a verdict in these words: “We, the jury, find for the plaintiff the sum of $750.00, with interest from Feb
There is no evidence in the case on which the jury could base its verdict. Juries can only render verdicts upon facts proven before them, not even on the knowledge of individual jurors. The statute requires the garnishee to be examined and the fact that he is examined as an adverse witness does not justify the jury in finding that the direct opposite of his testimony is the fact. The calling of a party as an adverse witness does not of itself discredit his testimony, but on account of bias or interest permits the party calling him to subject the adverse witness to cross-examination, besides a party calling an adverse witness does not vouch his credibility, but he cannot discredit him by evidence of general bad reputation for veracity. Nor could the jury infer from the fact that Rosa Levine was possessed of means and was the wife of Nathan Levine, that she or Levine’s Loan Office, Incorporated, owed him anything, as such inference was directly contrary to the evidence in the case. The verdict of the jury should have been set aside and judgment entered for the defendants in the court below, and this court will enter such judgment.
Reversed.