229 A.D. 402 | N.Y. App. Div. | 1930
Lead Opinion
Isaac Levenson, now deceased (the father of the plaintiffs), and the defendant, Anne Levenson, were married prior to the 9th day of December, 1919. This was their second marriage. Each spouse had children of a prior marriage. The defendant has one son by her first husband. This son’s name is D. Scott Austin. There is no issue of the marriage of Isaac Levenson and the defendant.
After the marriage of Isaac Levenson and this defendant, they became the owners of a painel of real estate, known as No. 964 Eastern parkway, Brooklyn, as tenants by the entirety. Some months after the acquisition of this property, Isaac Levenson and the defendant executed mutual wills. Each will contained a stipulation to the effect that neither party would revoke or change his or her will without the written consent of the other.
I will first consider the will of Isaac Levenson, in so far as it is material to this controversy, and quote therefrom as follows:
“ Second. I give, devise and bequeath to my wife, Anne Levenson, one-half of all my real and personal property, to have and to hold the same in fee simple to her heirs and assigns forever.”
Then, after certain bequests, the testator provided as follows:
“Fourteenth. If my wife, Anne Levenson, should die before me, then and in that event, I direct that the share herein devised to my said wife, I hereby give, devise and bequeath to Dr. D. Scott Austin, the son of my said wife by a former marriage, who resides at nmnber 1831 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa. And said Dr. Austin shall receive one-half the income of said house and lot until the same is sold, in which event he shall receive one-half proceeds of said sale, besides the share to which his mother would be entitled under provision of the ‘ Third ’ paragraph of this will.
“ Fifteenth. I further state that my said wife and I hereby make mutual wills in favor of one another with the understanding and upon condition that neither of us will revoke the last will and testament by us this day duly made and executed or change any of the provisions therein contained, without the written consent of the other.”
Taking up the will of the defendant Anne Levenson, I quote therefrom the following:
“ Second. In the event that I should predecease my husband, Isaac Levenson, I hereby give, devise and bequeath to my said husband a one-half less one-fifth interest in the house and lot, known as and by the street number 964 Eastern Parkway, in the Borough of Brooklyn, New York City.
“ Third. I order and direct that in the event that I should pre-decease my said husband, Isaac Levenson, and the house and
Then follow specific bequests, as in the case of the husband, and a residuary clause in favor of her son, D. Scott Austin. Finally, we find an agreement not to revoke, corresponding to that contained in her husband’s will, without the consent of the husband, as follows:
“ Seventeenth. I further state that my said husband and I hereby make mutual wills in favor of one another with the understanding and upon condition that neither of us will revoke the last will and testament by us this day duly made and executed or change any of the provisions therein contained, without the written consent of the other.”
The plaintiffs in their complaint allege the ownership of this Eastern parkway property, the making of the wills, and that neither should revoke, and that Isaac Levenson died on the 28th day of May, 1927. These facts are not disputed. It is then alleged that, under the will of Isaac Levenson, the plaintiffs became entitled to share in the estate according to the terms of the wall, and that the defendant, Anne Levenson, has failed to make provision for the plaintiffs or to give them their legal and rightful share. Judgment is demanded that a trust be impressed upon all property, both real and personal, in behalf of the plaintiffs; that the defendant be specifically directed to deliver to plaintiffs a deed conveying to them their proper proportionate interest as heirs at law and next of kin of their father; that the defendant account of all moneys received and expended in connection with the Eastern parkway property; that a receiver be appointed; that the defendant be enjoined from selling any part of the property; that the plaintiffs be adjudged to have such undivided interest or fee in the Eastern parkway property “ as provided in the last wall and testament of Isaac Levenson, deceased,” and, finally, that the plaintiffs be adjudged to have joint possession of the Eastern parkway property, and the right to receive and have paid to them their share of the
Appellants’ argument is that a mutual and reciprocal will is equivalent to a contract, and is, therefore, irrevocable and enforcible in equity. There can be no doubt that that is a correct statement of law. But when we examine the will here, we find that the only agreement was that neither should revoke his or her will without the written consent of the other. The execution of such wills is an enforcible contract, and that is the extent of the holdings in the cases cited by the appellants. For instance, in Rastetter v. Hoenninger (214 N. Y. 66) it was held that, although there was no express provision in the wills there under consideration that neither should revoke, the cumulative effect of all, when viewed together, was sufficient to prove that the joint will was made pursuant to an agreement, so that, after the. agreement had been executed by one dying without making a different testamentary disposition of his property, and after the acceptance by the other of the benefits of the agreement, it became obligatory upon the latter and enforcible in equity upon his death. But that case further held that each, during bis life, remained the absolute owner of his own, with all the rights of an owner; and, upon the death of the wife, the husband became trustee of her personal estate for the remaindermen. But the making of the will did not affect the holding during the lifetime of the, parties. Applied to this case, this would mean that each continued to hold as tenants by the entirety. That is, each owned all subject to the survivorship of the other.
In Hermann v. Ludwig (186 App. Div. 287) a husband and wife made a joint will giving to the survivor all property owned by either of them jointly or severally. Subsequently, the wife made another will malting other disposition of her property. It was held that the joint will should not be admitted to probate on the death of the wife, even though it was the result of a contract between her and her husband, but that the relief to which the surviving husband was entitled was to be obtained, not by establishing the joint will as the last will of his wife, for the reason that it was not her last will, but by compelling the performance of her obligations by her children and devisees under her second will, which should be admitted to probate, the wife’s representatives being trustees of a resulting trust for the benefit of the surviving husband. In other words, where joint wills were made for a sufficient consideration, each leaving property to the other, the will made in pursuance of such contract is irrevocable where, if the contract be abandoned, the other party cannot be restored to his former position, and a refusal to complete the agreement is in the nature of a fraud. A question
There is not any suggestion in the record that the defendant accepted any benefit under her husband’s will, nor was the case tried on any such theory. Assuming, however, that the respondent has obtained some benefit under the will of Isaac Levenson, and assuming that neither had the right to revoke, it does not follow that the appellants are entitled to any relief at this time, because there is no claim that the respondent has breached her contract. Respondent’s only agreement, in any event, was that she would not dispose of this property by a different testamentary disposition defeating the purpose of the alleged agreement upon which the plaintiffs base their action. In my opinion, neither party was seized of any interest in the real property that could be disposed of by will, since each owned all, subject only to the survivorship of the other spouse. (Stelz v. Shreck, 128 N. Y. 263; Bertles v. Nunan, 92 id. 152; Matter of Klatzl, 216 id. 83.)
The judgment should be affirmed, with costs.
Lazansky, P. J., Young and Kapper, JJ., concur; Carswell, J., dissents and writes for reversal.
Dissenting Opinion
The will devises and bequeaths both real and personal property to defendant. There is no allegation in the answer or proof thereunder that defendant refused the property (apart from the parcel in dispute here) devised and bequeathed to her under the will. There is no proof that the will was probated, which will names defendant as coexecutor. Property may pass under an unprobated will, and some forms of personal property may be transferred without the will being probated, The fact that the testator had no such interest in the parcel of real property in dispute as would enable him to devise it, did not disable him from devising it, even though it be the property of defendant, where defendant does not refuse to take the different and other property devised and bequeathed to her in the instrument in which the testator assumed to devise property vesting in her and in which he had no estate capable of being devised. In the absence
I, therefore, vote to reverse and for a new trial.
Judgment affirmed, with costs.
