15 Pa. Commw. 396 | Pa. Commw. Ct. | 1974
Opinion by
On June 26,1972, while in the course of his employment for the Leroy Roofing Company (employer), John Franklin Shultz (decedent) fell to his death from a two and one-half story building. His alleged wife, E. Marie Shultz (claimant), survived him along with their four children, three of whom were under the age of eighteen at the time of his death. The claimant filed for death benefits on behalf of herself and the three minor children, and both the referee and the Workmen’s Compensation Appeal Board (Board), on review, granted such benefits. The employer appealed to this Court for a review of the Board’s decision.
The company first contends that the claimant was not lawfully married to the decedent and therefore was not entitled to widow’s death benefits under the Pennsylvania Workmen’s Compensation Act, Act of June 2, 1915, P. L. 736, as amended, 77 P.S. §1 et seq. The record reveals that, on February 9, 1952, after apparently complying with all legal prerequisites, the claimant in good faith engaged in a traditional marriage ceremony with the decedent. Unknown to her, however, the decedent was already married to another woman, Catherine Gabriel. His marriage to the claimant, therefore, was void ab initio. Johnson v. J. H. Terry & Co., 182 Pa. Superior Ct. 258, 126 A. 2d 793 (1956). On September 8,1953, the decedent’s earlier marriage terminated in divorce, and the impediment to the creation of a valid marital union between the claimant and the decedent was then removed. The claimant and the decedent, however, did not enter into a second marriage ceremony. The record reveals testimony sufficient to support cohabitation and reputation as conclusive that the claimant and decedent held themselves out as husband and wife, one of the necessary incidents to the creation of a common law marriage. Brown v. Atlantic and Gulf Stevedores, Inc., 2 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 481, 279 A. 2d 372 (1971). On the other hand, the testimony appears to negate the utterance, subsequent to the divorce, of words evidencing present intent to enter the marriage agreement, another incident necessary to the creation of a common law marriage. David v. Bellevue Locust Garage, 12 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 602, 317 A.
The employer argues that this provision may not apply, because it became effective after the impediment to the instant marriage was removed and cannot be retroactively applied.
The employer next alleges error in the formula by wMch the Board computed the claimant’s benefits. After November 6,1975, the date when one of the claimant’s daughters became eighteen years of age, leaving her then with only one minor child to support, the Board awarded benefits of $94.00 per week, and further provided that benefits should continue at the same rate for the duration of her life after December 1, 1981, when she will have no minor dependents. It is undisputed that, at the time of the decedent’s death, his actual average weekly wage was $298.00 per week and that the statewide average weekly wage was then $141.00 per week. It is also undisputed that the amount of compensation payable is determined by Section 307 of the Pennsylvania Workmen’s Compensation Act, Act of June 2, 1915, P. L. 736, as amended, 77 P.S. §§561, 581, wMch provides that:
*401 “In case of death, compensation shall be computed on the following basis, and distributed to the following persons:
“(2) To the widow or widower, if there be no children, fifty-one percentum of wages, but not in excess of sixty-six and two-thirds percentum of the statewide average weekly wage.
“ (3) To the widow or widower, if there be one child, sixty percentum of wages, but not in excess of sixty-six and two-thirds percentum of the statewide average weekly wage.” 77 P.S. §561.
However, the third paragraph of Subsection (7) provides :
“(7) ...
“The wages upon which death compensation shall be based, shall not in any case be taken to exceed the statewide average weekly wage nor be less than forty percentum of the statewide average weekly wage.” 77 P.S. §581.
The employer’s position is that, by reading all parts of Section 307 together, the maximum award payable to this claimant during the period from November 6, 1975, Avhen she will have one minor child to support, to December 1,1981, when that child becomes eighteen, would be sixty percent of wages. This, as limited by Subsection 7, would mean sixty percent of $141.00, the statewide average weekly wage, or a total of $84.60. For the period after December 1, 1981, when the claimant becomes a widow with no minor children to support, the employer argues that she would be entitled to receive fifty-one percent of wages, which as limited by Subsection 7 would mean fifty-one percent of $141.00, the statewide average weekly wage, or a total of $71.90.
This construction, as suggested by the employer, ignores the plain meaning of Section 307(2) and (3). If the ceiling for wages contained in Subsection 7 is to
The General Assembly would not have intended the specific maximum limitations expressed in each subsection to be rendered total surplusage, never to have any application. Statutory Construction Act of 1972, 1 Pa. S. §1922(1). We must find, therefore, that the specific maximum limitation of sixty-six and two-thirds percent of the statewide weekly wage as provided in Sections 307(2) and 307(3) controls. The Board, therefore, awarded the proper compensation benefit of $94.00 per week (sixty-six and two-thirds percent of $141.00) for the period running through December 1, 1981, when the claimant will be supporting one minor child, and the same amount thereafter when the claimant will be supporting no minor children.
Because we find no errors in the Board’s computation of benefits nor in its finding that the claimant is the lawful widow of the decedent, we issue the following
Order
Now, October 29, 1974, the Workmen’s Compensation Appeal Board’s affirmance of the referee’s order relative to the claim of E. Marie Shultz is hereby affirmed. Accordingly, it is ordered that judgment be entered in favor of E. Marie Shultz and against Leroy
The statute became effective January 1, 1954. The Marriage raw, Act of August 22, 1953, P. P. 1344, as amended, 48 P.S. §1-25.