145 Mich. 563 | Mich. | 1906
Complainant filed her bill of complaint asking to set aside and cancel a certain paper writing made by her to defendants and their father, Frank Leonard, and to cancel and vacate record thereof made in the office of the register of deeds for Clinton county, claiming the same to be a cloud upon her title to land described therein.
Complainant and her husband, since deceased, were old people. They were childless, and had taken Frank Leonard when a small boy into the family, where he remained until he became a man. He is the father of defendants, minors, who appear and defend by him as their guardian ad litem. Michael Leonard, the husband, for several years before his death had been an invalid, requiring constant attendance. He had deeded the premises in question, which was their homestead, to complainant, his wife. She is now between 70 and 80 years old and is very ignorant.
The instrument in question was a statutory warranty deed, and contained the following clause:
“This deed is not to become operative until after the death of the parties of the first part hereto.”
It was executed and acknowledged by both the husband and the wife. It is admitted in the record that at the time it was made the title of the premises was in complainant, and the husband had no interest therein. The grantees paid no consideration and had no knowledge that the instrument was made until about four years after-
As to the material facts in the case, there is but one in dispute, and that is whether the deed was placed upon record under the direction of complainant. Upon this appeal by complainant it is contended that the instrument upon its face is testamentary in its character and conveys no interest or estate in preesenti; that it was never delivered, and while in the hands of the custodian was under the control of complainant, to be recalled and revoked at any time; that it was put upon record without the knowledge or consent of complainant, and contrary to her express direction.
Defendants insist that the delivery of the deed to Piggott was absolute and unconditional, and placed it beyond the control of complainant, and that by virtue thereof and the authorized recording of the same title passed to the grantees subject to a life estate reserved by the grantors.
Before discussing the nature and effect of the instru
In view of the fact that the record shows that there was some feeling between these parties and complainant, and their inclination on cross-examination to evade answering material questions upon this matter, and that they gave a different reason when Piggott delivered the instrument to complainant’s solicitor, and that such claimed instruction is directly contrary to the terms on which all the witnesses agree the paper was left with Piggott, we are strongly impressed that complainant told the truth, and we so find.
Mr. Underhill states in his work on Wills (§ 3?):
‘ ‘ The courts in determining whether an instrument disposing of real estate is a deed or a will are guided by the following considerations: If the instrument, whatever its form or the mode of its execution, passes a present interest which vests from the time of its execution, it will be a deed, though the possession and enjoyment of the estate granted in it do not accrue to the grantee until a future time. On the other hand, if the instrument, though it is in form a deed, does not convey any vested interest, right, or estate until the death of the person executing it, it will be regarded as testamentary and revokable.”
As to the admissibility of parol evidence he says the court—
‘ ‘ May go outside of the writing to ascertain its character; not to supply an intention which cannot be found in it, but to ascertain with what intention the execution of the instrument was accompanied.” 1 Under-hill on Wills, § 39.
‘ ‘ This deed is not to be operative until after the death of the parties of the first part hereto.”
The words used cannot be said to apply simply to the enjoyment and possession of the property, but to the entire force and effect of the instrument, and are repugnant to the creation of a present interest. This construction is in harmony with the conduct of the parties. There is no evidence of a delivery or an intention to deliver the instrument during the lifetime of the makers. Lautenshlager v. Lautenshlager, 80 Mich. 285, and cases cited. Upon delivery as indicative of intent of the grantor to give effect to an instrument, see Pennington v. Pennington, 75 Mich. 600; Schuffert v. Grote, 88 Mich. 650; Burk v. Sproat, 96 Mich. 404; Taft v. Taft, 59 Mich. 185. The custodian testifies:
‘‘ [They] said the deed should be left in my care. After their death I was to present it to Frank Leonard.”
All the parties now living who were present agree that these were the instructions to him. It is clear from the instrument itself and the expressions and acts of the makers at the time that it was testamentary in character, and intended so to be.
Much reliance is placed by defendants upon the fact that the recording of the instrument constituted a delivery, and authorities are cited sustaining such contention. There is a line of authorities where doubtful instruments have been held to convey a present interest, when there has been a delivery, actual or constructive. Where these • decisions are based upon that ground the cases are in harmony with the decisions of this court as to delivery being indicative of the grantors’ intention to give effect to the instrument. See cases above cited.
There is a conflict of authority upon the main proposition as to whether instruments containing words of similar import to those in the writing in the case at bar convey a
The decree of the circuit court is reversed, and a decree will be entered in this court in accordance with the foregoing opinion and setting aside and canceling the record of said deed as a cloud upon complainant’s title, with costs to her of both courts.