Lenard v. 1251 Americas AssociatesLenard v. 1251 Americas Associates
Order, Supreme Court, New York County (Stuart Cohen, J.), entered on or about February 26, 1996, which granted defendants’ motion for summary judgment dismissing the complaint and granted the cross-mоtions of the third-party defendants Fred Lumpp & Son, Inc. and Coopers and Lybrand for summary judgment dismissing the complaint and the third-party complaint, modified, on the law, tо deny the motions insofar as they dismissed
Accоrding to the evidence offered by plaintiff Joseph Lenard in opposition to defendants’ motion for summary judgment, on January 5, 1988, he reported to work at а construction site on the 41st floor of an office building. The floor was clean, swept, and vacant and there were wall partitions leaning against the walls.
The foreman instructed plaintiff to move some rolled-up carpeting and unhung doors across an open area which measured about 50 feet by 50 feet. As he crossed the room, plaintiff tripped on a door stop which was affixed to the concrete floor. Nothing else in the area was affixed to the floor, and there were no door frames, doors, entrances or offices in the area. He did not see the door stop before he triрped but later observed that it was half moon shaped, raised about three-quarters of an inch to an inch and one-half above the floor, securеd to the floor and the same color as the concrete.
Labor Law § 241 (6) provides, in pertinent part, that all areas where construction is being рerformed should provide reasonable and adequate protection and safety to persons employed in or frequenting such areas. To рrevail on a cause of action under section 241 (6), however, a plaintiff must establish a violation of a specific safety regulation promulgatеd by the Commissioner of the Department of Labor (see, Ross v Curtis-Palmer Hydro-Elec. Co.,
The regulation which plaintiff claims was violated in this matter is 12 NYCRR 23-1.7 (e), which provides:
“Tripping and other hazards.
“(1) Passageways. All passageways shall be kept free from accumulations of dirt and debris and from any other obstructions or conditions which could cause tripping. Sharp projections which could сut or puncture any person shall be removed or covered.
“(2) Working areas. The parts of floors, platforms and similar areas where persons work or pass shall be kept free from accumulations of dirt and debris and from scattered tools and materials and from sharp projections insofar as may be cоnsistent with the work being performed.”
Here, the motion court correctly held that plaintiffs do not have a cause of action based on a violatiоn of 12 NYCRR 23-1.7 (e) (1), because plaintiff fell and was injured in an open area rather than in a “passageway” (see, Kulis v Xerox Corp., supra-, see also, Stairs v Stаte St. Assocs.,
While the defendants and third-party defendants plаce reliance on the fact that liability will not be imposed where the item causing the injury was an integral part of the floor being constructed, an integrаl part of the work being performed, or itself constituted a protective device (see, Sharrow v Dick Corp.,
Moreover, we find that the door stop, as described in plaintiffs unrefuted testimony, constitutes both “debris” and a “sharp projеction” within the meaning of this paragraph (see, McAndrew v Tennessee Gas Pipeline Co., 216 AJD2d 876; Baird v Lydall, Inc., Manning Div.,
First, while defendants suggest that we should limit the definition of “sharp projection” to projections which are caрable of cutting or puncturing, such a definition would be inordinately narrow in this context. “It is an elementary rule of statutory construction that when a definite provision is made with reference to one particular subdivision of a section of the law dealing with the identical subject matter as the other subdivisions thereof, аnd a similar reference is omitted from the other subdivisions thereof as well as from all of the rest of the section, the particular reference is intended to apply solely to the subdivision in which it is contained and to exclude its application from all of the rest.” (Cannon v Towner, 188 Mise 955, 965; see also, McKinney’s Cons Laws of NY, Book 1, Statutes § 254.) Here, since the paragraph immediately preceding the one at issue specifically limited the “[s]harp projections” to which it applied to those “which could cut or puncture any person” and since the “sharp projections” to which the paragraph involved herein applies were nоt so limited, we must interpret the term as found in the latter paragraph more broadly. Thus, it is apparent that the appropriate definition in the latter рaragraph would include any projection that is “sharp” in the sense that it is clearly defined or distinct.
In any case, the door stop, which was apparently left on the floor when the former partition walls and doors were dismantled, also clеarly constitutes “debris”.
Finally, we find that the motiоn court correctly dismissed plaintiffs Labor Law § 200 and negligence causes of action, there being no evidence that defendant owners or the genеral contractor exercised supervisory control over the worksite (Ross v Curtis-Palmer Hydro-Elec. Co., 81 NY2d, supra, at 505-506). Concur—Rosenberger, J. P., Ellerin and Rubin, JJ.
Tom and Andrias, JJ., dissent in a memorandum by Andrias, J., as follows: I would affirm.
The motion court correctly held that plaintiffs do not have a cause of action under Labor Law § 241 (6) and 12 NYCRR 23-1.7 (e) (1). Paragraph (1) refers to tripрing and other hazards in passageways and here plaintiff fell and was injured in an open floor area rather than in a “passageway” (see, Ross v Curtis-Palmer Hydro-Elec. Co.,
Notes
. “Sharp” is defined in Webster’s Third New International Dictionary 2088 (1986 ed) as, inter alia: “set forth with clarity and distinctness and usually] with marked contrast between elements: frеe from shading or trans
. “Debris” is defined in Webster’s Third New International Dictionary 582 (1986 ed) as, inter alia: “the remains of something broken down or destroyed”.