249 Mo. 295 | Mo. | 1913
Lead Opinion
The petition was filed March 8, 1908. It prays for a divorce from defendant, for the custody of their minor child aged seven and one half years, and for alimony. The grounds stated are desertion, cruel treatment, indignities and adultery, all of which were • set forth' in numerous specifications. It also states that the child, who was a 'boy and named after the defendant, had always been in the care of the plaintiff; that the defendant is a man of great wealth, owning property which plaintiff believes to be worth one and a half million dollars; that she has no money or property except a few articles of small value, and concludes with a prayer for divorce, for the custody of the child, for alimony in gross, for alimony pending the suit, and for suit money. The defendant filed an answer admitting that he was married to plaintiff on the 24th day of October, 1889; that he left her on the 13th day of October, 1906, and had not lived with her since that time; that he had stated that he would not live with her again; that it was in fact his purpose not to live, with her longer, and the birth of their son as charged. He denied all other allegations of the petition. The answer then set out, by way of cross-petition, that the plaintiff had repeatedly and continuously, since about June, 1903, up to the time of
The plaintiff replied with the general denial, and an attempt to explain the letter to the “man unknown” mentioned in the answer.
The cause was tried at the February term, 1909, and on the 18th of that month, during the same term, the following judgment was entered, except that the words italicized were not included but were inserted as hereinafter stated.
“Now at this day, the court being fully advised of and concerning the cause heretofore submitted to the*302 court upon the pleadings and proof, and the court having heard the evidence herein, doth find that plaintiff is entitled to the relief prayed for in her petition, to he divorced from the bonds of matrimony contracted with the defendant, for the cause stated in said petition, to-wit, that said defendant has absented himself without a reasonable cause for the space of one year. And the court doth further find and adjudge that plaintiff is not entitled to a decree of divorce on any other ground stated in plaintiff’s petition, and doth find'the issues on said grounds in favor of said defendant.
“And the court doth further find against defendant on defendant’s cross-bill, and doth order, adjudge and decree that the said cross-bill be and the same is hereby dismissed. And the court doth, therefore, order, adjudge and decree that plaintiff be absolutely and forever divorced from the bonds of matrimony existing between herself and said defendant, and that she be restored to all the rights and privileges of a single and unmarried person.
“And the court doth further find that plaintiff is a suitable person to have the care, custody, control and education of Wm. J. Lemp, age eight years, the only child of plaintiff and defendant herein.
“The court doth therefore order, adjudge and decree that plaintiff herein have the care, custody, control and education of said child, Wm. J. Lemp, until further order of this court. And the court doth make the above order on condition that during the period of time the said plaintiff hasi the care and custody of said child he shall reside and attend an established public or private school in the city of St. Louis, until the further order of this court, and that defendant shall have the custody and companionship of said child from Saturday morning at nine o ’clock until Sunday evening at eight o’clock of each and every fortnight, commencing on the 20th day of February, 1909, and continuing until the further order of this court, upon notice by the de*303 fendant to the plaintiff of his wish to exercise his right of sneh custody and companionship.
“The court doth further order, adjudge and decree that during the periods of summer vacation the said plaintiff may take said child to any usual and accustomed resort for time not exceeding three months during any summer, provided, however, that the defendant shall have the right to the custody and companionship of said child for a continuous period of two weeks during each summer vacation, the time of such custody and companionship to he determined by defendant and notice of such time to he given’hy him to the plaintiff two weeks in advance.
“And the court doth further order, adjudge and decree that plaintiff recover of defendant, as alimony for the support and maintenance of plaintiff and for' the support, maintenance and education of said child, Wm. J. Lemp, the sum of six thousand dollars ($6000) per annum, payable in equal quarterly installments of fifteen hundred dollars ($1500) each, the first payment thereof to he made on the first day of March, 1909', and thereafter on the first day of each and every June, September, December and March, until the further order of this court, and that said payments of alimony to continue during lifetime of plaintiff or until she remarries, and in the event of the prior death of the defendant the said payments of alimony to be and constitute a charge and lien upon his the said defendant’s estate. And the court doth further order that said defendant execute a bond in the sum of thirty thousand dollars ($30,000), with surety to be approved by the court, conditioned for the payment of said alimony in accordance with the decree and order of the court. And the court doth reserve the right to make such other and different orders in respect to the custody, education and maintenance of said child and the alimony herein granted as may hereafter appear proper.
“And the court doth further order, adjudge and*304 decree that plaintiff recover the costs of court in this proceeding and have execution therefor.”
On February 19, during the same term, the plaintiff filed a motion for a new trial in which the grounds now relied on were stated in sufficient detail, and may be summarized as follows: (1) That the court erred in its judgment that the plaintiff was entitled to a divorce on no other ground than that defendant had absented himself without a reasonable cause for the space of one year. (2.) That the court erred in each of those provisions in the decree limiting the plaintiff’s custody of the child and giving such custody temporarily to defendant. (3) That it erred in refusing to adjudge alimony in gross and also in limiting the alimony decreed from year to year to the sum of $6000 per year as well as in allowing yearly alimony instead of alimony in gross as prayed in the petition. (4) The usual complaint for error in excluding competent and admitting incompetent evidence. (5) In refusing, on plaintiff’s petition, duly verified, to issue a subpoena duces tecum for the production of certain boohs of the Wm. J. Lemp Brewing Company, showing the assets and earnings of that corporation.
On March 8 and during the same term the plaintiff filed her motion for alimony pending an appeal from the decree, which was allowed in the sum of $500 per month, and also for suit money, including attorney’s fees, in connection with such appeal, which, after the introduction of evidence, in which there was no conflict, that $5000 would be a reasonable amount for attorney’s fees on such appeal, was overruled. During the same term and on March 11, 1909, the court overruled the motion for a new trial and on the same day entered the following order:
“Now at this day the court of its own motion, for sufficient cause appearing, doth order that the decree heretofore, on Thursday, February 18, 1909, entered in this cause, be modified in respect to the judgment*305 for alimony therein contained, and that said decree as amended he now entered which is accordingly done in words and figures as follows, to-wit:”
Then follows an entry of the entire judgment including the portion in italics as already copied.
Exceptions were duly saved hy plaintiff to the adverse rulings.
The evidence will he noticed as necessary in the opinion.
I. It is insisted hy respondent that because the judgment was modified after the filing of the motion for a new trial and no such motion was filed thereafter, there is no matter of exception presented to this court for review.
As has been often stated hy this court, an office of the motion for a new trial in our practice is to present again to the trial court such questions as have been decided hy it during the trial, so that it may have an opportunity to correct errors made, perhaps, without the opportunity for consideration required hy the difficulty of the questions involved. It “is generally not necessary to secure a review of decisions on motions rendered before or after the trial, hut is required where the ruling is made during the trial. The error of the law must he one pertaining to the trial of an issue of fact.” Shohoney v. Railroad, 223 Mo. 649, 660, and cases cited.] That it may or may not he included in the entry of the final judgment does not change its nature. [Blanchard v. Dorman, 236 Mo. 416, 445.] The modifying order here was one which might have been made at any time after final judgment, and was made long after the expiration of the time allowed hy law for the filing of the motion for a new trial, which had, in fact, been filed, and was ready for determination; and it was the duty of the court, hy its formal order, to grant or withhold the relief it
II. The important questions in this case arise from the contention of the plaintiff that the refusal of the court to allow her alimony in gross instead of from year to year constitutes reversible error. Incidentally she contends also that, even upon the theory that under the circumstances it was within the discretion of the court to fix yearly alimony in lieu of all other provision for her, the amount so allowed is too small, and that error was committed by the trial court in the restrictions imposed by the decree upon her custody of the child.
This court has lately said (Viertel v. Viertel, 212 Mo. 562, 575) that the general rule is that “the allowance of permanent alimony is a matter of sound judicial discretion,.to be exercised with reference to established principles and upon a view of all the circumstances of each particular case, such as the estate and ability of the husband, the condition and means of the wife, and the conduct of the parties.” This leaves us still to deal with the “established principles,” with
The jurisdiction of the ecclesiastical courts seems to have been founded in the theory that marriage was a religious sacrament, and whatever of a contractual nature may have been operative in its origin, was merged in the religious status which it created, and which could not be destroyed without violating the Divine Law. The civil status found no recognition in these courts, and could only be dissolved, for causes originating during its existence, by act of parliament. The separation which the ecclesiastical courts had jurisdiction to decree was considered an evil at the best, excused only by considerations of humanity and decency, and mitigated by the hope of ultimate reconciliation. Under such a theory and such conditions alimony originated. As the name implies it was simply
These theories, found little favor in governments which held civil and religious liberty to be the normal condition of a people, and of which the separation of church and State was a fundamental principle. In Missouri, as far bach as 1835, it was held by this court in State to use v. Fry, 4 Mo. 120, that marriage was within the provisions of the State and Federal constitutions protecting the obligation of contracts. Judge McGirk, for the court, said (p. 184): “Again, let us look at the case of the wife — she contracts for a protection — for a maintenance suitable to her degree and to his fortune — for the third part, or the half of his personal estate, in case of issue or not — for maintenance and education of her children — for the third part of his real estate, for her life, in case she survives him — and above all, for a faithful friend and companion and adviser through life. Yet it is argued that these benefits contracted for, and arising out of the contract of marriage on both sides, are not within the restriction that the obligation of contracts shall not be impaired. That they were not thought of by the convention — but if they were thought of they were deemed inferior to the benefits arising out of a contract to dig a ditch or a well. I cannot believe it — I think this contract, together with all its advantages, was intended to be, and in reality is, protected by the prohibition.”
In 1835', and while the Fry case was still pending here, the Legislature enacted a law which is now' section 8279 of the Revised Statutes of 1909, providing that marriage “ is considered in law as a civil con
Some learned jurists and authors have found difficulty in the classification of marriage as a civil contract, because the status created by it is necessarily, in many respects, under the control of the State in the exercise of its police power in the interest of the general welfare. Some of them have said, in effect, that this relation is mi generis in its contractual features, because the State may, through its legislature, change the duties and obligations of the parties, and provide new violations for which it may be dissolved, and that, as the parties move from jurisdiction to jurisdiction their duties, growing-out of the relation, are prescribed and governed by the law of the place in which they may be. All these features, however, find their counterpart in purely contractual conditions. The domestic relations are of peculiar concern to the state, and they are subject to control for the general welfare like the callings which involve the exercise of public franchises
It seems, therefore, to be settled in this State, not only that we must consider marriage as a civil contract, Avhich is only a plain statutory mandate which we are not permitted to gainsay, but those words have no occult meaning in their application to the marriage relation, and afford a valuable guide in the assessment of the compensation which the statute provides for the innocent and injured wife upon the dissolution of that relation. It has always been recognized that marriage is not only a valuable consideration but a highly meritorious one, and constitutes an ample foundation for all those rights and interests which are, from time to time, in the development of our social system, secured by law to the faithful wife in the property of her husband, as well as for the protection of herself and the children of the marriage. It is logical and right that, for a total breach of this contract, she should be as favorably considered as he who makes a horse trade, or buys or sells, a mine. The position
Prom this standpoint there are two elements which must be separately considered to insure complete justice. The obligation to support, maintain and protect the wife often exists where no property interest is involved. By the marriage contract the husband pledges himself to do this, and, if he has no property, his future earning capacity must be utilized for.that purpose. In such cases a judgment in gross might defeat the very object to be attained. For this reason it is often necessary that alimony should be paid from time to time to conserve the ability of the husband to meet the obligation. This, however, is a makeshift at the best, and does not result in the complete and immediate compensation to which one is entitled as damages for a broken obligation. It is just and humane, and lies at the very foundation of the policy of absolute divorce, that the innocent and injured woman be delivered from the body of her dead injury, and not be required for life to live in its atmosphere and taste its flavor with her daily bread. It has accordingly already become the habit of the courts in most of our English speaking jurisdictions to decree alimony in gross when there is property to respond; and this policy is, we think, not only authorized, but imposed by statute on the courts of our own State in all proper cases. [Laws 1868, p. 47; R. S. 1909; sec. 2373.] Although it is made discretionary, this discretion must, in accordance with the rule of the common law, be a sound one, exercised in accordance with those principles in which the statute that created it has its founda
In this connection it is instructive to note the growth of this idea in the mind of one of the greatest of our legal authors, whose grasp of legal reasoning and perspicuous statement has lightened the labors of'many of us in our feeble attempts at the practice of American law. Mr. Bishop wrote his treatise on Marriage and Divorce at about the time of the enactment of the English statute of 20 & 21 Vict., c. 85. Up to that time, there had been no law in England relating to alimony independent of the continued existence of the marriage relation, while in this country the subject was still in its infancy, and the ingenuity and learning of the distinguished authors were taxed in the application of the principles of the unwritten ecclesiastical law to the conditions created by the dissolution of that relation. It is unnecessary to express our hearty commendation of his wonderful success in that respect, for, nearly forty years afterwards, in the light of a riper experience, he wrote a new book— Marriage, Divorce and Separation — in the preface of which he said: “It arranges all in an improved order; and it treats all from the standpoint of today, as though the author had never before written on the subject. . . . For it recognizes the fact that while the past lives in its translated wisdom and reason, its inert, dead forms are buried, and the dealings of practitioners and judges are exclusively with the future.”
It appeared to this learned commentator incongruous that a husband, by a wilful breach of the mar
This application of the unwritten law of alimony to modern conditions arising from the dissolution of the marriage was perfect in its logic. By the unwritten law it was designed that the wife should lose nothing by the separation that had been forced upon her, but should, during the joint lives of herself and husband, be supported in the style to which the marriage entitled her, and at his death fare the same with respect to her dower and other allowances as if no separation had intervened. Prom the reasonable theory adopted by Mr. Bishop; flows the same result, except that the marriag’e relation is terminated by the divorce intead of by the death of the husband, and from that time forth her participation in all his faculties, whether of income or estate, are to be included in alimony. The wife is exactly compensated for her
In both the G-ercke and Viertel cases already cited, this court seems to have proceeded along the same lines we have indicated. In the Viertel case there were two children, and the court allowed the wife as alimony eleven thousand dollars out of a real and personal estate “between $30,000 and $35,000 in value.” This was one third of the estate, and in that case, a child’s share. In the Gercke case six thousand dollars was allowed out of “an estate estimated to be worth from ten to fifteen thousand dollars.” This was evidently intended, so far as proportion was in the mind of the court, to be one-half the husband’s estate. In the Viertel case the court, referring to the amount of alimony allowed, said: “It was well within the boundaries of approved cases;’’ citing Hamilton v. Hamilton, 37 Mich. 603, and Metzler v. Metzler, 99 Ind. 384, in both of which the allowance amounted to
We think it may be truthfully said that this-just and logical doctrine of compensation pervades the recent adjudications upon this interesting subject. But the almost endless variety of the conditions and considerations encountered, out of which must be developed the means of doing justice to the parties, calls for a sound judicial discretion to be exercised with reference to the established principles upon which the jurisdiction is founded. The judges do not stand in loco parentis to these litigants, with power to give and take away as they may be moved by personal feeling or caprice. They are the guardians of their legal rights, with power to exercise their discretion to secure and protect them, but no discretion to violate them. As we have already seen, the condition of the parties may constitute an element calling for the exercise of dis
The judgment is an adjudication that the plaintiff was the innocent and injured party and that defendant was the guilty party who, by his conduct, had forfeited all rights and claims under and by virtue of the marriage. To this adjudication the State, representing the social interests of its people, was also a party and equally bound by the result. This adjudication not being questioned here we- must assume for all the purposes of this appeal that the plaintiff' is innocent and that the defendant is guilty of having so injured her in the violation of his marital obligation as to justify its dissolution not only with the consent but by the act of the State. It is suggested, however, that their conduct, in some respects not made entirely clear, is open to investigation by the court for the purpose of aiding it in determining the amount of alimony to be awarded. The defendant in his brief quoted with every evidence of approval from one of the numerous opinions in the famous Burr case (7 Hill, 207) as follows: “In fixing the amount of alimony, reference ought first to be had to the ability of the husband, which in this case is ample. There- is no reason for reducing the allowance on account of the limited means of the husband; neither is there any reason for increasing it beyond those limits which a fair construction of the statute would prescribe, because his conduct has been mean and disgraceful. He is a rich, miserable old man; yet he is as much entitled to have his cause decided by the fixed, known laws of the country, as if his morals were without a stain and
“Given voluntarily, at my suggestion, this twenty-first day of October, 1899.”
"While Mr. Lemp was at perfect liberty to refuse to sign and deliver to the Bishop the promise mentioned, his frank admission that it was done in bad faith and for the purpose of deception, augured badly for the moral success of the contemplated union. The last clause of the agreement which Mrs. Lemp signed is of the same character as the one commented upon by this court in Mowry v. Norman, 204 Mo. 173, 192, In the language of the court in that case, such expressions “point to a master mind.” They are not the language of young girls just going to their marriage.
The rule of Mr. Lemp, as a husband, hardly comes up to the standard of “tact, cMvalry, justice and sweetness” indicated in the opinion of Judge Lamm for this court in the Viertel case. To use his own .language he spoke with firmness. Sometimes! he came and went for periods of a month or more without addressing his wife. He says there were possibly three months, a month at the time, in 1904 of such reticence. His attitude toward her parents and other members of her family was such that but one of them, a sister, visited her. He says he has left the house possibly fifty times on account of her presence in it. He habitually carried a revolver in his pocket and when irritated made demonstrations with it, taking it from his pocket and laying it on the seat of the carriage, putting his hand to its resting place in his hip pocket, and on one occasion “covering” the butler with it during a quarrel in the presence of his family in his dining room and
While the defendant’s answer contained many insinuations against the plaintiff there was no question raised in the testimony as to her faithfulness and good conduct as a wife and mother except the circumstance that the defendant found, as he says, in the drawer of the library table where the family stationery was keptj two pieces of paper, upon one of which was written the following:
“My Lear Little Pal: — I wish you could see what I am going through to make ‘him’ take me to the show tonight, of course the day is not over, and I may still succeed, if I fail I shall go anyway with Ham and Ella, however, ‘he’ does not know that. Tomorrow I will again take Vella to the matinee. Although I cannot be with you to watch you at a distance or to feel your presence is my only happiness and greatest recreation. Do telephone me ‘when’ you can, as Í usually answer the phone ‘now.’ In case I cannot, you can always put up the phone again, or else, say my ‘Brother’ wishes to speak to me. He is going hunting next week and I wish to heaven he would never return, I am completely worn out and God alone knows how much longer I can stand this loathsome bondage.”
On the other, was a poor, halting, pathetic paraphrase of the three first stanzas of Henley’s “Out of the Night that Covers Me. ” It is pitiful in its crudity, and the writer seems unable to take heart to raise herself to the jubilant climax of the little poem — “I am the captain of my soul.”
This was found by Mr. Lemp soon after the episode of the watchman to which we have referred. He testified that he does not know whether the “Little Pal” refers to a man or woman, and compliments his wife by saying that he had never seen anything in her
Hardly an episode in human life can .be suggested which does not find a precedent in judicial experience. The plaintiff’s theory with respect to these letters is no exception to that rule. In Jeter v. Jeter, supra, the plaintiff had actually written and transmitted two letters to gentlemen about her husband and her marriage, of wMch the court says: “While these acts cannot be passed by without condemnation and censure, as inconsistent with the conduct of a prudent spouse; yet we have no evidence of the occurrence of such conduct on other occasions, and those acts seem to stand as blots upon a history otherwise blameless. Besides, it is some palliation of her improper conduct in those particulars, that it did not occur until her husband had withdrawn every manifestation of affection, and deprived her of his counsel. For such misconduct, perpetrated under such circumstances, justice does not
Under tbe circumstances we do not think that there is anything in tbe conduct of the plaintiff to justify us in depriving ber of such provision as she would be entitled to by tbe application of tbe general principles we have stated. In this case, however, tbe solution is not to be found in a mere division of property, wbicb consists principally of shares of tbe capital stock of close corporations, controlled by those who, tbe plaintiff seems to have some reason to apprehend, may become inimical to ber interest. Tbe evidence in this case with reference to tbe application of tbe net profits arising out of tbe principal item of this stock, strongly suggests that it will be to ber interest that ber allowance should consist in a gross sum of money that may be controlled and invested as ber own interests may indicate, and as she shall be advised, even at tbe expense of such modification in tbe nominal amount of tbe judgment, as shall be fair and just to enable tbe defendant to meet such condition.
LEI. The respondent in bis printed argument says: “It is argued that tbe lower court erred in refusing to award appellant suit money for this appeal. We have already shown that no motion for rehearing' of tbe order denying appellant’s motion was filed, and that, therefore, there is nothing here for review. If there were, however, we would say that tbe granting of suit money to tbe wife, to enable ber to prosecute an appeal from a decree in ber favor, on tbe ground that tbe permanent alimony awarded is insufficient, is entirely within tbe discretion of tbe trial court, and
The first contention is sufficiently considered and disposed of in the first paragraph of this opinion. As to whether the appeal is without merit depends somewhat, in its legal aspect, upon the judgment of this court, which has the unquestioned right to give such judgment as in its opinion should have been given by the circuit court, or to reverse the judgment of the circuit court and remand the cause with directions covering its final disposition.
For the reasons stated in this opinion, the judgment of the circuit court of St. Louis is reversed in so far as it relates to the allowance of permanent alimony, and the order of the court overruling plaintiff’s motion for the allowance of suit money with which to pay the expense of this appeal is also reversed, and the cause remanded, with directions to said court to so modify its final judgment and decree that the plaintiff have and recover from defendant, as permanent alimony in gross, the sum of two hundred and fifty thousand dollars ($2.50,000); provided, that if he so elect, he may pay of said amount the sum of $50,000 in cash upon the entry of the decree, and also, at the same time, give bond, in form and with sureties satisfactory to and approved by the court, to . pay the remaining $200,000 as follows: $100,000 in six months, and $100,-000 in one year from the date of such judgment and decree, the deferred payments to bear interest at the rate of five per cent per annum, payable semi-annually, and that the plaintiff have execution for the amount of alimony so awarded or any part thereof remaining due and unpaid; and that the cost of the care, maintenance and education of the infant child be borne by plaintiff so long as she shall have and be entitled to the custody by order of the court. Also that the plaintiff have and recover of and from the defendant the sum of five thousand dollars ($5000) as suit money to enable her to pay
This canse coming into Banc and being reheard there the opinion of Browst, C., is modified so as to conform to the original suggestion of Walker, J., fixing the amount of the alimony in gross at the sum of one hundred thousand dollars and as set forth in his' opinion, which said opinion of BrowN, C., as so modified is refiled as expressing the views of Lamm, G. J., Wood-son and Brown, JJ., suit, money to he paid as directed in the per curiam.
PER CURIAM OPINION.
The majority of the court agreeing on a judgment, hut not being in accord on the reasons and grounds leading up to it (as seen by opinions filed), it is ordered that the judgment of the circuit court be reversed and the cause be remanded with directions to enter a judgment granting plaintiff a divorce with alimony in gross in the sum of one hundred thousand dollars payable one-half in thirty and one-half in sixty days.
Suit money in circuit court to be paid as directed by the original judgment of the circuit court. The custody of the child to remain as directed in the original judgment subject to the future orders of that court on cause shown.
SEPARATE OPINION BY BOND, J.
STATEMENT BY THE COURT.
Plaintiff secured a divorce from her husband on the sole ground that he had absented himself for the space of one year without reasonable cause. In its
OPINION.
(after stating the facts as above).-I. The record in this case convinces me that the two parties were unfitted to bear towards each other the relation of husband and wife, and that their marriage, whatever may have been its motives, did not originate in that reciprocal tenderness, trust and esteem which are the celestial cement of that state and the only safeguards of its inviolacy and permanence. The antipathies of this loveless union are reflected in the subsequent conduct and behavior of the parties and caused its dissolution on statutory grounds when it became unendurable to both, as shown by the terms of a letter written by the wife and by the oral statements of the husband.
The important question is, what is a just and fair provision, under the peculiar facts of this case, for the maintenance of the wife and child committed to her general custody? The respondent is a man of wealth, nbne of it coming from his wife but all inherited from
I think the judgment of the circuit court should be reversed and the cause remanded with directions to that court to enter judgment in conformity with tMs opinion.
Concurrence Opinion
CONCURRING OPINION.
Those of us who think that tMs is not a case for alimony in gross, and who tMnk that the statute lodges in the trial court a discretion as to
There are and were divers views npon the amount of alimony in gross which should he allowed. The sum of $100,000 was finally agreed upon by a majority as a reasonable allowance in gross. Inasmuch as the judgment nisi when properly commuted to a sum in gross would perhaps practically reach such sum, and in order to reach a judgment in this case (an exigency which seriously confronted the court) we, for the purpose of reaching some tangible judgment in the case, agree to said sum in gross in lieu of the judgment nisi, but at the same time adhere to our individual views, that under the record here, this is not a case for alimony in gross. We also agree that the present judgment may be reversed and the cause remanded with directions to the trial court to enter up a modified judgment for the plaintiff, allowing her the sum of $100,000 as alimony in gross to cover the support of herself and child.
Dissenting Opinion
DISSENTING OPINION.
As some of our brothers have expressed a desire to adopt as their own views of this case the well-written opinion of our learned Commissioner BrowN, it devolves upon me to redraft my original dissent to conform to the present situation. Our commissioner has written well in this case. His opinion bespeaks research and thought, and abounds in figures of speech which reflect credit not only upon himself but upon.the court of which he is a part and parcel. The feeling evinced for the gentler sex is admirably woven in the text, and of this we do not complain. But I do not concur in this opinion. I do not believe that a divorce suit is the time for adminis
Under the opinion the doctrine of partitioning a live man’s estate is an overshadowing one, but there is another question that deserves notice. I think that under our statute it is discretionary with the trial court whether the alimony be allowed in gross or in installments, and I think further that this discretion should not be disturbed by this court, unless the record discloses an abuse of the discretion. This; discretion is given the trial court, so that he may give effect to the circumstances surrounding each particular case.
But if the annual allowance made by the trial court is to be commuted from annual installments to an allowance in gross, then such allowance in gross should be reasonable, and -there are many things which enter into that consideration. This wife never brought a dollar to the estate of the husband. To say that this woman can’t live upon and maintain a respectable status in life upon what a member of this court receives for himself and his whole family is going to some length. If she is to have an absolute estate, for
First, the decree of this court, nor of any court in this kind of proceeding, cannot exempt Mr. Lemp from the legal duty and obligation to support and educate his child. The wife may marry again and he influenced to cast this burden upon the husband.. Mr. Lemp has no recourse, but must respond to the des-manda of the law, and pay for the support and education of this child, notwithstanding the' fact that the decree imposed that duty upon the wife. This is a matter which should have serious consideration in commuting an annual alimony into a gross sum. In fact, remarriage alone is a potent factor to be considered. Such is the very spirit of Missouri laws. No right is more sacredly gu'arded than the widow’s right to a homestead. It is a part of her allowance when the more solemn separation, occasioned by death, takes place. For a while it was guaranteed to her for life irrespective of what she might do as to future marriage. It is as much a part' of her support and maintenance as is alimony in a divorce proceeding. It comes from a separation marked by tears and a throbbing and aching heart. It is the shelter for helpless hands and grief-stricken heart. If support and maintenance should ever be considered to have a sacred abode with the widow through life, the support and maintenance furnished by the homestead should be so classified. But such is not now the public policy of this great State, and to its public policy we, as its servants, should bow. Now, if the widow remarry and thereby choose another for her stay and support, the law says she must give up the support and maintenance furnished by the homestead. And why not? We need