28 Tex. 219 | Tex. | 1866
—The appellant instituted this suit May 1, 1858, upon a promissory note purporting to have been executed by the appellees February 20, 1858, for $1,882 93, and payable, at one day, to A. J. Burk or bearer.
The defendants below plead the general denial, and also pleaded a failure of consideration and fraud in the procurement of the note.
They state that Burk had previously sold them a lot of negroes with warranty of title, and that they had sold them to different persons with warranty of title; that they each owed him a balance on the said negroes; that Burk held
The plaintiff excepted to the answer and amendments, the substance of which is embraced above. The court overruled the said exception. A trial was had, and verdict and judgment were rendered in favor of the appellees, and appellant brings the cause here, and assigns the said ruling of the court as error. And we are of opinion the exceptions of the appellants should have been sustained, and the answer and amendments stricken out. The defendant is permitted to plead as many pleas as he may desire, but each should be complete of itself, or at least the whole answer should present a valid defense to the plaintiff’s cause of action, if true.
The defendants below did not in their answer aver that there was a subsisting and superior outstanding title to the said slaves in the said McMullen heirs, nor did they state that they had purchased of Burk without any notice of
The case of Claborne v. Yeoman, 15 Tex., 44, was a suit upon a note given by the defendant to the administrator of an estate for a certificate sold by order of the county court. He plead failure of consideration, and averred that the sale was void, and that the right to the certificate was in the heirs to the estate. Mr. Justice Wheeler says, “ The plea is not good, for, if true, he should have caused the heirs to be made parties, in order that the question of title might be adjudicated; and he should háve at least restored, or offered to restore, the certificate to the plaintiff or the heirs, if entitled to it. It is very clear that he could not retain the property purchased at the sale with the chances of making good his title, and at the same time refuse to pay the purchase-money.”
The case of Perry v. Booth, 7 Tex., 497, was a suit upon a note given by the defendant for a lot of notes and accounts purchased at administrator’s sale, made under order of county court. The defendant plead that the sale was void; that the law did not authorize the sale of notes and accounts by the administrator; that no right or title was transferred to him, and therefore there was a failure of consideration in the note. The court says: “It may be true that the defendant did not acquire a good title to the notes and accounts purchased by him at administrator’s sale. But this question it is not necessary to determine, for to constitute the plea, setting up such a defect of title a good defense to the action, he should have averred a return, or an offer to return, or should otherwise have accounted for the notes and accounts so purchased by Mm; he cannot be permitted to retain and appropriate the notes or their proceeds to his own use, and resist the payment of the note given by him as the consideration of the purchase, on the ground of the want of authority in the administratrixto sell.”
In the case of Randon v. Toby, 11 How., 520, the defendant plead that the note sued on had been given for African negroes imported into the country, who were free and not slaves at the time, and for this there was no consideration for the note. The court held, that the payee having no connection with the importation of the negroes for which the note was given, and the defendant not having been disturbed in his possession of them, hut had still kept or sold them, he could not plead no consideration or failure of consideration.
In view of the authorities, we are of opinion that the defendants’ answer impeaching the consideration of the note was defective. They had purchased with notice of the claim of McMullen’s heirs, with a general warranty of title. They sold for large amounts, and still enjoy the proceeds thereof. They do not state that McMullen’s heirs really have any title to the slaves, and they do not ask that the said heirs and other claimants be made parties defendant, so that the rights of all may he adjudicated and protected. (Cooper v. Singleton, 19 Tex., 260.)
They do not offer to réturn the negroes, nor do they offer to renew the notes for which this is given, one of which is now barred by limitation; and they plead in suit Ho. 163, that the $920 note has been paid by executing the one here sued on" in part for it. ' There is no offer upon their part to place Burk or Lemmon in statu quo. There is nothing plead to show a failure of consideration for want of title in the slaves, but the simple facts that the heirs of McMullen claim to he the owners of the slaves
It is insisted that the note sued upon was obtained by a fraudulent representation, &c., and, as an evidence of the falsity of the representation made by Burk, and of the alleged fraud practised by him in the procurement of the note, it is averred that he did not secure the release from the heirs of McMullen, as he promised. This may be true, but it may only amount to a failure on his part to consummate the compromise made with the heirs, and he may have honestly made and anticipated the consummation of it, and a failure on his part would not, in that state of the case, be considered fraudulent.
Another view may be taken of it. The representation made by Burk, though false, will not afford the party complaining any ground of relief, unless it were made in respect to something material to the interests of the party, and he were injured or deprived of some right by such false representation.
If the defendant’s answer be true, and it be admitted that the heirs of McMullen have no title to the slaves and could not recover them, and that Burk has warranted the title to the slaves, then it must follow, that the defendants have not been deprived of any rights, or been injured by the failure of Burk to procure the release from the said heirs, as anticipated. Having no title to the slaves, a release from them could have been of no value. It may be contended, that a release from them would have prevented the institution of the suits by them for the slaves. That is speculation, for if they had made the release, they could
The failure of Burk to destroy the $920 note, and the institution of suit upon it, we do not regard as showing fraud or failure of consideration. If the new note included that, it was taken and substituted in place of it; that is, if Burk agreed to take the note in suit in lieu of and in satisfaction of the one for $920, that will afford a valid defense to it. It is payment of it, or accord and satisfaction. And, on the other hand, if the note in suit was received as collateral security for the $920 note, then he has the right to • sue upon both, and press all his securities at once; but the satisfaction of one would be a .satisfaction of the other fro tanto.
We are of opinion that the exceptions of the appellant to the original and amended answers of the defendants below should have been sustained, except as to the general denial.
It is not necessary that the plea impeaching the consideration of the note be sworn to, as has been settled by this court. (Harris v. Cato, 26 Tex., 338.)
The appellant excepted to the depositions of Herron, Stockes, and others, upon various grounds, respecting the manner of taking and returning them, none of which can be noticed, for the want of the facts in the record upon which they were made. The only objection we can notice is, that their testimony is irrelevant to the issues in the cause. This exception does not designate the objectionable parts of their testimony with that degree of certainty that might be exacted, and we could well disregard them; but it appears to us, that all that part of the defendants’ evidence going to show that the note in this suit was given for negroes or horses should have been rejected, for the want of the proper allegations in their answer to admit such testimony. They plead that the consideration of the note sued on was the amount respectively due to A. J.
There being error in the judgment below, the same is reversed, and the cause remanded for further proceedings in accordance with this opinion, with instructions to sustain the appellants’ exceptions to the defendants’ original and amended answers, except the general denial, and the defendants have leave to plead anew to the merits of the cause.
Reversed and remanded.