169 Wis. 327 | Wis. | 1919
On the trial the plaintiff called as an adverse witness defendant’s claim agent who had investigated this case and obtained written statements from various persons. He testified, apparently without objection being interposed, giving the names and addresses of the witnesses with whom he had talked and that he had in his possession written reports made by the local physicians of the defendant company at Rhinelander and Appleton. Demand was made by plaintiff’s counsel for the production of the report of the physician at Rhinelander, but that, on objection, was refused. He was then compelled to answer over objection that, based upon such report, he understood there had been a treatment by the company’s doctor of the plaintiff and gave the number of days of such treatment. Also further, that from knowledge obtained only by interviews with the physician at Appleton he was again permitted to testify as to plaintiff’s treatment by that physician, and that he presumed the defendant had paid the bill for such treatment, and then, over vigorous protest and objection on the ground that such method of examination was eliciting hearsay, incompetent, and irrelevant testimony, he was still further required to testify as to such matters.
All this was hearsay and there was nothing of material, relevant, or competent testimony on the issues that was obtained or could be obtained from this witness through all of his protracted examination. It should have been promptly and firmly halted by the trial court when the objections were interposed. Permitting the examination of the witness to
Plaintiff’s counsel further demanded, at the time of the examination of other witnesses called by the defendant, for the production of the statements made by such witnesses respectively to the claim agent. Upon cross-examination of O’Brien, the city policeman, and one of such witnesses, such demand was stated to be for the purpose of cross-examination. Upon refusal of defendant’s counsel to produce it on the ground that it was not a proper matter of evidence the court stated, “I don’t see how I,can compel them to produce it.” After such ruling and further refusal to produce such statement the witness was then asked as to whether he had not told the claim agent that the plaintiff, in witness’s opinion, was not drunk at the time in question, and over objection the question was in substance repeated, thereby in effect assuming that the witness had so stated in such report.
To better show the method of examination pursued and permitted with reference to two other of defendant’s witnesses not employees, it is necessary to set forth from the record as follows:
“Mr. Martin: At this time I ask the defendant to produce the statement which it has got how in its possession — the statement given by this witness [Chris Rouman] October 20th.
“Mr. Van Doren: I decline to produce it.
“Mr. Martin: Q. Do you think, if you got that statement, it might help you to clear up things in your mind any ?
“Objection as improper. Sustained. Exception.
“Q. Do you want that statement to look — do you want that statement which you made October 20th last and gave to Mr. Dockery, to enable you to recall the facts and circumstances better than what you probably can without ?
“Objection as an improper question; the witness has not indicated any desire for that. Objection overruled. Exception.
“Q. Would you like to have the statement for that purpose? A. Well, I don’t know.
*331 "Q. Do you want it now to look it over? A. It makes no difference to me.
“Q. You think that everything is just as clear in your mind today as it was on the 20th of last October ? A. I will say this: I may have forgotten some; it is quite a while ago since this happened.
“Q. Of course you know that the case is being tried now, and it is quite important that you tell us everything as accurately as you can. . A. Well, I told the best I could remember.
“Q. And you don’t seem to want to have your memory refreshed ? ■ •
“Objection to that method of examination as improper; objection as not proper.
“Q. You don’t seem to want to have your memory refreshed by reference to that typewritten statement which counsel has got, do you ?
“Objection as improper. Sustained. Exception.
“Court: If the witness were an employee of the railway company you would be entitled to it.”
None of these documents, statements, or reports thus sought to be produced and used, either as of employees of defendant or persons in no wise connected with it, were in any manner part of the res gestee, nor could they be received as tending to show notice to the defendant of the happening of the event,, for no such issue was in the case. They were not in the nature of declarations of any person who could thereby bind the defendant. Kamp v. Coxe Bros. & Co. 122 Wis. 206, 212, 99 N. W. 366; Zentner v. Oshkosh G. L. Co. 126 Wis. 196, 201, 105 N. W. 911; Warner v. Maine Cent. R. Co. 111 Me. 149, 88 Atl. 403.
Whether these reports or statements, or any of them, should be classed as privileged communications, as some authorities hold (Ex parte Schoepf, 74 Ohio St. 1, 77 N. E. 276; Cully v. N. P. R. Co. 35 Wash. 241, 77 Pac. 202), it is not necessary to decide. They were not admissible as evidence in plaintiff’s behalf of any facts therein recited, nor were they documents which the party holding them should be
It is as legitimate and proper for a defendant to interview persons who may be acquainted with the facts and circumstances surrounding the subject matter of a litigation as it is for a plaintiff to pursue the same methods. Statements and information of the nature of the ones before us in this case, when obtained by either party to an occurrence which may result in a lawsuit, are not proper or legitimate evidence for the other party as to facts therein recited, and an opposing party has no right to compel the production of such statements nor to question the person who may have obtained them as to the contents of such statements. They are no more subject to compulsory production at the demand of the opposite party on the trial, when made by witnesses produced at the trial, than would be such statements made by persons not called as witnesses. Such persistent attempts as were made in this case to drag in such matters before the jury are more than likely to have a prejudicial effect and to result in a miscarriage of justice.
With the verdict that is before us upon the evidence in the record, such errors would have been sufficient to require a reversal of this judgment.
The plaintiff’s own testimony in this case disclosed that at the time in question he was a man of about thirty-one years of age, weighing about 200 pounds, at one. time engaged in railroading, but for some time a bartender; that he had arrived at Rhinelander at about 2 o’clock in the afternoon of that day for the purpose of seeking employment, and had spent the afternoon and evening, except for the time neces^ sary for supper, in various saloons, and had drunk during that period ten small glasses of beer and about two glasses of
He further testified that no objection was made by any one to his getting upon the train, and that he entered the smoking car and had seated himself in a seat in the rear end when the brakeman, whom the plaintiff had never seen or spoken to before, came up to him and said, “G-d-you, you can’t ride this train;” that at the same time, the train having started, the conductor came forward from the front end of the smoking car without stopping on his way to take tickets from any of the passengers in the coach and joined with the brakeman, saying the same thing as the brakeman had just said; that the brakeman said also, “You are drunk, Gd-you, you can’t ride this trainthat plaintiff showed him the ticket he had purchased and told the brakeman that he, the brakeman, was crazy; that the brakeman said, “I don’t give a G-d-whether you have a ticket or not;” that when the conductor came he also said that he didn’t give a G-d-whether the plaintiff had a ticket or not, he would have to get off the train; that the conductor had not said a word to plaintiff before this; that he was forced out of the door of the smoker and then they let go of him. Plaintiff then started to back down the steps and told the brakeman and conductor to stop the train, that he'would get off; that the conductor stopped it just as it was pulling out of the depot; that as he stepped off backwards down the
He was taken to the city hall and there attended by physicians, and subsequently to the hospital at Rhinelander, and after two days’ stay there was taken by defendant’s physician, who was then attending him, in his automobile to the depot, and from there went to his home in Appleton. Here he was treated and examined by the defendant’s physician and remained under such physician’s treatment or observation for a month or more.
At the time of the trial in June, 1918, there was testimony indicating that he was suffering from neurasthenia, that he had lost some weight, had an impaired memory, had lost his sexual desire, was troubled with restlessness, loss of attentive power, incapable of performing work, and was described by some of the physicians as being a mental and physical wreck.
The testimony of the defendant’s witnesses was to the effect that plaintiff approached the steps of the smoking car to enter; that the brakeman then told him that he, the plaintiff, was intoxicated and could not be permitted to enter the
It was also testified on behalf of the defendant that as the train pulled away from the point where plaintiff had stepped off, the rear brakeman was standing on the platform of the last car, and that plaintiff, just as the end of that car was passing him, swung his arm with the handbag towards and as if to strike the rear brakeman, and that as a result of such
The plaintiff was corroborated as to his being sober by-two witnesses who saw him a few moments before the train time, one a bartender at the saloon which he last visited, and a man who was there with him. That he had entered the car while the train was standing still at Rhinelander, according to his theory and contrary to the testimony of the train employees, was in a measure corroborated by a witness called by the defendant, an Italian who was a passenger on the train and at the rear end of the smoker, who testified’ that he saw the plaintiff enter while the train was standing still at Rhinelander and stand up at the rear end of the smoker; that the plaintiff was then intoxicated, as could be seen by the witness; and that he was asked to leave the coach by the brakeman and conductor, and that no force was used or kick administered, although there might be some question, from his position in the car, as to whether he could have seen the kicking done, if it was done as testified to by plaintiff.
We fully appreciate the weight that should be given to the findings of a jury on questions of fact submitted to them (Delvaux v. K., G. B. & W. R. Co. 167 Wis. 586, 596, 167 N. W. 438) as a proper rule to be recognized by the trial court and by this court, and we merely repeat the rule now that it may be seen that it is not being overlooked. Yet the testimony 'in this case, taking also into consideration the manner in which the trial was conducted to which attention has been given, presents a situation where we feel it our duty' to say that the verdict of the jury in this case was the result of passion or prejudice and against the overwhelming testimony, and cannot stand as a foundation for a judgment in favor of the plaintiff. Parkes v. Lindenmann, 161 Wis. 101, 109, 151 N. W. 787.
There is no possible reasonable explanation of why the conductor should come down through the smoking car without first taking up tickets, which it is without dispute he did, and assist the brakeman in forcibly ejecting this passenger, unless he had been informed either by plaintiff or by a seeing of it that some controversy had already taken place between the plaintiff and the brakeman. If there had been such prior controversy so denied by plaintiff, then his testimony as to the alleged assault is so discredited that in the light of the other testimony and facts it ought to have no weight with an unprejudiced jury.
The plaintiff positively denied having gone forward to the baggage car and speaking to the conductor about being refused admission; that he did so go forward was testified to by the brakeman, conductor, Policeman O’Brien, and defendant’s telegraph operator who was then acting as bag-gageman.
The plaintiff’s own version of this occurrence is so contrary to all reasonable probabilities, so contrary to common experience, and so overcome by the weight of evidence from 'unimpeached and disinterested witnesses that it was the dpty of the trial court to have set aside this verdict and granted judgment for the defendant. The trial court having failed so to do, it now becomes the duty of this court to so direct.
By the Court. — Judgment reversed, and cause remanded with directions to enter judgment for defendant.