16 Pa. Super. 627 | Pa. Super. Ct. | 1901
Opinion by
The execution of a codicil to a prior will is a republication of it and operates as a revocation of an intermediate will: Neff’s Appeal, 48 Pa. 501. But there is a great distinction between an intermediate will and an intermediate codicil in this respect. By the commonly accepted definition a codicil “is a supplement to a will, or an addition made by the testator and annexed to, and to be taken as part of a testament; being for its explanation, or alteration, or to make some addition to, or else some subtraction from, the former disposition of the testator: ” 2 Blackstone’s Comm. Lewis’s ed. *500. Physical annexation is not necessary; whether so annexed or not, it is in construction of law a part of the will. Hence, where a testator devised property to the children of B. in like manner as they were entitled under the will of B., it was held that the testator referred to the will and codicils of B., as the whole together must be taken as his will: Pigott v. Wilder, 26 Beav. 90. For the same reason, a testator by expressly referring to, and confirming his will, will not be considered as intending to set it up against a codicil or codicils revoking it in part: Williams on Executors, *179. This, undoubtedly, is the general rule. But it is argued that if in a codicil he revokes a provision of his will and in a second codicil, in which he refers to the will by its date, he makes a further change in the disposition of his property, and says, “ and I do confirm my said will in all respects except so far as the same is changed by this codicil,” he may be considered as referring exclusively to the paper bearing the date mentioned, and, therefore, as intending to revoke the intermediate codicil and to restore the original will with the alterations contained in the second codicil. Unquestionably a testator may by apt words express his intention to revoke any codicil already made, and to set up the original will unaffected by it. So also if from the context it appears that such was his intention, although not expressed in so many words, his intention must control in the determination of the question whether the interne
It is contended further, that the court ought to have made the order prayed for, because the respondents virtually consented that it be made. An examination of the papers attached to the record fails to show more than that some of them were willing to have the order made, “if it should be the opinion of the court that the construction of the will as claimed in the petition is sound and correct.” It is needless to say that this did not authorize the court to make the decree, even as against those giving this consent, if the construction of the will contended for by the petitioner is not correct. The learned judge specially presiding pertinently said, that, although as a matter of sentiment and out of consideration for the wants of the petitioner he would be inclined to grant the prayer, his duty was simply to construe the will.
Decree affirmed and appeal dismissed at costs of appellant.