Following the delay and ultimate cancellation of Darren Lee’s flight from New York to London, Lee filed a federal class action complaint against - American Airlines, asserting a claim under Article 19 of the Warsaw Convention. 1 Lee sought to recover damages for delay, inconvenience, assorted expenses, loss of reasonably foreseeable business, loss of prepaid and/or nonrefundable vacation expenses, and loss of a “refreshing, memorable vacation.” The district court granted American Airlines partial judgment on the pleadings, pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(c), as to damages for inconvenience and loss of a refreshing, memorable vacation, reasoning that these allegations amounted to damages for mental injuries, unrecoverable under the Warsaw Convention. The district court subsequently certified this issue for appeal.
On appeal, Lee contends that his damages claims for inconvenience and loss of a refreshing, memorable vacation are economic damages and not claims for mental anguish damages. Specifically, Lee alleges American Airlines inconvenienced him by forcing him to spend time in a terminal without adequate food, water, restroom facilities and information regarding the status of his flight, by forcing him to spend the night in a dirty, substandard and unsafe motel room, and caused him to lose a full day of a memorable refreshing vacation.
We agree with the district court that, as alleged, Lee’s so-called inconvenience damages are not easily quantifiable and do not result in real economic loss. These alleged damages are merely an attempted re-characterization of mental anguish damages. Mental injury damages are not recoverable under the Warsaw Convention.
See Eastern Airlines v. Floyd,
Notes
. Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Transportation by Air, Oct. 29, 1929, 49 Stat. 3000, T.S. No. 876 (1934), reprinted in 49 U.S.C. § 40105 (note) (2000) (hereinafter "Warsaw Convention”),