Lawreszuk v. Nationwide InsuranceLawreszuk v. Nationwide Insurance
Plаintiff-appellant, Michael Lawreszuk, brought this action directly and solely against the insurance company of a decedent, Donna Logan, who allegedly injured him in an automobile accident. No estate for the alleged tortfeasor was opened, and no administrator was appointed. The trial judge dismissed the action on defendant’s second motion to dismiss.
Plaintiff appeals and claims as error:
“1. Under the authority of Heuser v. Crum,31 Ohio St. 2d 90 ,285 N. E. 2d 340 (1972), when a tortfeasor dies in a motor vehicle collision, and no estate is ever opened fоr said decedent, but decedent was covered by liability insurance, suit may be brought directly against the insurer, and service оf summons thereon is sufficient to commence and maintain the action. By reason thereof, it is prejudicial error tо grant the liability insurer’s motion to dismiss and motion for summary judgment.
“2. The action of the Trial Court, in granting Dismissal and Summary Judgment after initially overruling sаid Motion, nine months earlier, constitutes prejudicial error, especially when no new matter was presented tо the Court respecting the renewed Motion to Dismiss and/or for Summary Judgment.
“3. The trial court committed prejudicial error in holding that Heuser v. Crum, supra, only applies to cases where plaintiffs failed to first obtain judgment against decedent’s estate, and that such judgment must first be obtained before proceeding against the insurer.
*113 “4. The trial court committed prejudicial error in granting dеfendant-appellee’s Motion to Dismiss and for Summary Judgment, when defendant-appellee had failed to affirmativеly plead either misjoinder or non-joinder of parties defendant.”
We first consider those assignments of error arguing the аpplicability of
Heuser
v.
Crum
(1972),
Assignments of Errors One and Three
Bоth claims of error present the major issue in this appeal: whether an injured plaintiff! may directly sue a decedеnt tortfeasor’s insurance company when no administrator was appointed for the tortfeasor, or whether the claim against the insurance company may proceed only after (or if joined with) an action against eithеr the estate or a representative of the decedent.
Plaintiff maintains that Heuser v. Crum, supra, stands for the proposition that the direct aсtion may be maintained under the facts of this ease, i. e., where no estate was opened and no administrator оr representative was appointed.
Prior to
Heuser,
plaintiff could not maintain a suit against a tortfeasor’s insurer until he obtained a judgment against the tortfeasor or against the tortfeasor’s estate.
Conen
v.
Kraft
(1931),
The Supreme Court altered that rule in Heuser insofar as it permitted an action to be maintained jointly against a decedent tortfeasor’s estate and the insurance company. The court reсognized that, requiring the presence in the action of the administrator or of another “suitable person,” was essentially requiring the trial court to maintain a masquerade on behalf of the insurance company.
More is involved than thе doctrine that the jury should not discover the insurance company’s availability *114 as a source of funds. In the absencе of some judgment against the insured or the insured’s representative, there is no legal liability to pay. The insurance company’s liability is only derivative. It is only liable if the alleged tortfeasor has been found liable.
While an injured party has a “substantial” right on the tortfeasor’s policy from the time of injury, that right is not vested until a judgment against the tortfeasor is .secured.
Hartford Accident S Indemnity Co.
v.
Randall
(1932),
If the tortfeasor is deceased, the plaintiff must, prior tо or contemporaneously with the suit against the insurance company, obtain some judgment against the tort-feasоr as represented by an administrator or by some “suitable” person other than the insurance company.
Cf. Heuser
v.
Crum, supra.
It may be рossible for the plaintiff to petition the court to have someone appointed to represent the dеceased. See
Wrinkle
v.
Trabert
(1963),
Plaintiff failed either to obtain a judgment against the tortfeasor before suing defendant or to jоin the claim against defendant with a claim against the decedent’s representative. The trial court’s reasoning аnd decision were, therefore, correct.
Assignments of errors one and three are accordingly overruled.
Assignments of Errors Two and Four
Here the plaintiff questions the propriety of the procedure involved. Plaintiff says the action of the trial court, in granting a dismissal and summary judgment after initially overruling the motion nine months earlier, constitutes prejudicial error especiаlly when no new matter was presented to the court respecting the renewal of the motion to dismiss and for summary judgment.
*115 Thе trial court originally denied defendant’s first motion for summary judgment but, after the trial date had been set, granted defendant’s motiоn styled “Motion to Dismiss or in the alternative Bequest for Beconsideration of Motion for Summary Judgment.”
While the trial court failed to expressly grant leave to file this motion, such failure is not a ground for reversal here. The court effectively granted leave by considering the motion on its merits. Defendant did not move to strike the motion.
Further, the motion can be cоnsidered as a motion for judgment on the pleadings, Civ. B. 12(C), or as a motion to dismiss under Civ. B. 12(B)(6), either of which can be made without leave of court. The grounds for dismissal raised are not those waived by a failure to present them in an earlier motion оr pleading. Cf. Civ. B. 12(H).
Only one affidavit was filed concerning the motion for summary judgment. That affidavit, filed by plaintiff, brought no new matter to the court’s attention and raised no disputes as to the facts of the case. Its only “new” matter was the legal conclusion that plaintiff had no choice in this case but to proceed directly against the insurance company. Cf. Wrinkle v. Trabert, supra.
We find no merit in assignments of errors two and four and overrule them.
The judgment is, accordingly, affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.