187 Conn. 171 | Conn. | 1982
This is the court’s fourth opinion in a course of protracted litigation which began when the defendant commissioner took 0.38 of an acre in
The history of this litigation is summarized in Laurel, Inc. v. Commissioner of Transportation, 180 Conn. 11, 13, 428 A.2d 789 (1980) (hereinafter Laurel III): “The plaintiff appealed from the commissioner’s $41,200 assessment of damages, alleging a constitutional taking of the remainder of its property, about 9.3 acres, and sought damages for that as well. The Superior Court awarded damages for inverse condemnation under General Statutes § 48-17b and ordered the defendants to amend the certificate of taking and assessment of damages and to take all of the plaintiff’s property. The defendants appealed and the plaintiff cross appealed to this court. Error was found. The Superior Court was ordered to render judgment for the defendants in the action brought by Laurel, and to reinstate the condemnation proceedings initiated by the commissioner. Laurel, Inc. v. State, 169 Conn. 195, 207, 362 A.2d 1383 (1975) (hereinafter Laurel I). Upon reinstatement of the condemnation proceedings and Laurel’s appeal from the assessment of damages, the commissioner filed a plea in abatement alleging that the court lacked jurisdiction because Laurel’s appeal had not been filed within six months of the assessment as required by General Statutes § 13a-76. The plea was overruled by the Superior Court and the commissioner appealed. In Laurel, Inc. v. Commissioner of Transportation, 173 Conn. 220, 223, 377 A.2d 296 (1977) (hereinafter Laurel
After the decision in Laurel III, the plaintiff, in order to collect on its judgment, brought an action in mandamus to require the defendant treasurer to pay the funds awarded. Upon the entry of an order of mandamus and further hearings, the defendants tendered and the plaintiff accepted, on May 30,1980, a check in the amount of $3,248,730.65 in part payment and without prejudice to the assertion of claims of underpayment by the plaintiff and overpayment by the defendants. At the same time, the defendants agreed to deposit an additional sum of $280,000 in an escrow account under the supervision of the court, so that the moneys deposited could earn the prevailing rate of interest. This deposit too was without prejudice. The only disputed claims raised by any of the parties when these arrangements were made concerned the proper calculation of interest on the plaintiff’s award. These claims were resolved in the plaintiff’s favor and a supplemental judgment was rendered on
The defendants have raised three claims of error in their appeal. They argue: (1) that mandamus did not lie because the plaintiff failed to establish a clear legal right to payment; (2) that the plaintiff was not entitled to interest calculated from the date of taking; and (3) that the plaintiff was not entitled to statutory interest at the rate of 8 percent from October 1,1979.
I
The defendants’ attack on the order of mandamus alleges that the plaintiff has no right to mandamus because it failed to comply with the provisions of G-eneral Statutes § 13a-76.
II
The defendants urge that the plaintiff is not entitled to receive interest from the date of the taking of its property, January 23, 1974. Their primary argument is that the statutes of this state preclude the payment of prejudgment interest when the commissioner takes land for highway pur
Before reaching the merits, however, we must determine whether these arguments are proeedurally appropriate in light of the decision in Laurel III. There, after noting (p. 46) that “[b]oth parties assign error to the court’s determination of the rate of interest to be awarded on Laurel’s compensation,” we upheld the referee’s award of “interest from the date of the taking.” Laurel III, supra, 47. We agree with the plaintiff that this issue may not now be relitigated by the defendants. If the mandamus action is viewed as an action separate from the earlier condemnation proceedings, the defendants are barred by the law of collateral estoppel from reopening an issue resolved against them by a valid final judgment. Laurel III, supra, 22-23; Connecticut Light & Power Co. v. Tax Commissioner, 169 Conn. 58, 62, 362 A.2d 958 (1975); Corey v. Avco-Lycoming Division, 163 Conn. 309, 317, 307 A.2d 155 (1972), cert. denied, 409 U.S. 1116, 93 S. Ct. 903, 34 L. Ed. 2d 699 (1973); James & Hazard, Civil Procedure (2d Ed. 1977) § 11.16; Restatement (Second), Judgments § 68 (Tentative Draft No. 4, 1977). If mandamus is viewed as ancillary to, rather than independent of, the condemnation action, the law of the case would equally preclude reargument of an issue finally and adversely decided. See Breen v. Phelps, 186 Conn. 86, 99, 439
Ill
The defendants urge finally that the calculation of the plaintiff’s interest at the statutory rate, as ordered by the 1978 judgment affirmed in Laurel III, must be at the statutory rate of 6 percent per annum. It was not until October 1, 1979, that the legislature effectively changed that rate to 8 percent. General Statutes § 37-3a, as amended by Public Acts 1979, No. 79-364, $ 2.
Had the 1978 judgment stipulated payment of interest at the rate of 6 percent, that award would not be subject to modification merely because of a subsequent legislative alteration of the statutory rate of interest. The 1978 judgment determined what interest was required, in accordance with equitable principles; Laurel III, supra, 47; Seaboard Air Line Ry. Co. v. United States, 261 U.S. 299, 304, 43 S. Ct. 354, 67 L. Ed. 664 (1923); to satisfy the claimant’s entitlement to just compensation. Textron, Inc. v. Commissioner of Transpor
In this case, however, the award of interest was at the rate provided by the statute without incorporation of the 6 percent statutory rate. The award must be interpreted in the light of the accompanying factual finding that 8.17 percent would have been a fair and reasonable overall average interest rate to compensate a Fairfield County investor at the time of the taking. Under these circumstances, the trial court did not err in concluding that the award contemplated payment in accordance with the prevailing statutory rate of interest as payments became due. We agree with its determination that the plaintiff is entitled to interest on its judgment at the rate of 6 percent from the date of taking to October 1, 1979, and at the rate of 8 percent per annum from October 1,1979 to the date of payment.
There is no error. The case is remanded for a final calculation of the amount of interest that is payable to the plaintiff in accordance with our decision.
In this opinion the other judges concurred.
The present defendants are the state comptroller, the state treasurer and the state commissioner of transportation. The commissioner of transportion was the sole defendant in the earlier litigation.
General Statutes § 13a-76 provides, in relevant part: “appeal. Any person claiming to be aggrieved by the assessment of such special damages or such special benefits by the commissioner may, at any time within six months after the same has been so filed, apply to the superior court for the judicial district within which such land is situated. ... If no appeal to the supreme court is filed within the time allowed by law, or if one is filed and the proceedings have terminated in a final judgment finding the amount due the landowner, the clerk shall send a certified copy of the assessment of the commissioner and of the judgment to the comptroller, who shall, upon receipt thereof, draw his order upon the treasurer in favor of the landowner for the amount due him as damages.”
Public Acts 1979, No. 79-364 provided as follows: “Sec. 2. Section 37-3a of the general statutes is repealed and the following is substituted in lieu thereof :
“Except as provided in section 52-192a, interest at the rate of [six] EIGHT per cent a year, and no more, may be recovered and allowed in civil actions OB ABBITBATION PEOCEEDINGS HNDEE CHAPTEE 909, including actions to recover money loaned at a greater rate, as damages for the detention of money after it becomes payable except as otherwise provided with respect to demand obligations in section 42a-3-122 (4) (a). Judgment may be given for the recovery of taxes assessed and paid upon the loan, and the insurance upon the estate mortgaged to secure the loan, whenever the borrower has agreed in writing to pay such taxes or insurance or both. Whenever the maker of any contract is a resident of another state or the mortgage security is located in another state, any obligee or holder of such contract, residing in this state, may lawfully recover any agreed rate of interest or damages on such contract until it is fully performed, not exceeding the legal rate of interest in the state where such contract purports to have been made or such mortgage security is located.”