Laughlin v. Bon Air Hotel Incorporated
85 Ga. App. 43
Ga. Ct. App.
1951
Check Treatment
Felton, J.

Plаintiff sought by demurrer to show that defendant had not “opened legally”, and “in the manner prescribed by law”, the default. He contends thаjt dlefendant failed to show this in that he did not plead that costs had been paid. Thompson v. Nichols, 208 Ga. 147 (65 S. E. 2d, 603), held that such question could not be raised by genеral demurrer and that the proper manner in which to raise the question is by a motion to strike the plea. While in the Thompson case the plaintiff’s demurrer was general in nature and did not -specifically mention the default as did the demurrer in the instant case, nevertheless the law announced there is applicable to the instant case. In National Union Fire Ins. Co. v. Ozburn, 57 Ga. App. 90 (2) (194 S. E. 756), the action was a renewal of a previous suit voluntarily dismissed and the court held that, “it is not a good ground of demurrer that ‘it fails to appear that plaintiff has paid the аccrued costs or has filed an affidavit in forma ‍‌‌‌​​​‌‌‌‌‌​​‌‌​​‌​​‌‌​​‌​‌​​​‌​‌​‌​​​‌​‌​‌‌‌​​‌‍pauperis, as required by law’.” It therefore follows that if pleadings failing to рlead that the required costs have been paid are not subject to a demurrer pointing out such, pleading the paymеnt of the costs is not necessary.

The words “false”, “falsely”, “malicious” and “maliciously” have been given many varied definitions by cоurts throughout *46 the country, and it seems that such definitions depend upon the manner in which the words are used. See Words & Phrases. Some еxamples of the connotations put on these words are: “The word ‘false’ has two distinct and well-recognized meanings. It signifies (1) intentionally or knowingly or negligently untrue, and (2) untrue by mistake, accident or honestly after the exercise of reasonable care.” Metropolitan Life Ins. Co. v. Adams, D.C. Mun. App. (37 A. 2d, 345). “As to the essential elements of ‘knowingly and falsely swearing’, ‍‌‌‌​​​‌‌‌‌‌​​‌‌​​‌​​‌‌​​‌​‌​​​‌​‌​‌​​​‌​‌​‌‌‌​​‌‍falsely swearing is knowingly affirming without probablе cause.” Hicks v. State, 67 Ga. App. 475 (8) (21 S. E. 2d, 113). “ ‘Malicious’ or ‘maliciously’ means any unauthorized interference, or any interference without legal justificatiоn or excuse. Personal ill will or animosity is not essential.” Luke v. DuPree, 158 Ga. 590, 596 (124 S. E. 13). “By ‘malice’ or ‘malicious’ is meant a wish or desire to vex, annoy, or harass another.” Kerley v. Germscheid, 20 S. D. 363 (106 N. W. 136). “ ‘Malicious’ imports nothing more than the wicked and perverse disposition with which the party commits the act.” Commonwealth v. York, 50 Mass. 93. “ ‘Maliciousness’ does not necessarily mean actual malice or ill-will, but the intentional ‍‌‌‌​​​‌‌‌‌‌​​‌‌​​‌​​‌‌​​‌​‌​​​‌​‌​‌​​​‌​‌​‌‌‌​​‌‍doing of a wrongful aсt without legal or social justification.” Dorrington v. Manning, 135 Pa. Sup. 194 (4 Atl. 2d, 886). “The words ‘cruelly, unreasonably, and maliciously’ are relative terms.” Stone v. State, 1 Ga. App. 292 (57 S. E. 992). “The word ‘false’ has two distinct and well-recognized meanings: (1) intentionally or knowingly or negligently untrue; (2) untrue by mistake or accident, or honestly after the exercise of reasonable care. In jurisprudence, ‘false’ and ‘falsely’ are oftenest used to chаracterize a wrongful or criminal act, such as involves an error or untruth, intentionally or knowingly put forward.” Black’s Law Dictionary (Dе Luxe ed.) p. 748. “Malicious. Evincing malice; done with malice and an evil design; wilful.” Ibid., p. 1148. There is an almost inexhaustible source of definitions for these words, each definition seeming to depend upon the circumstance of its use. In the present case, the'interpretation of the allegation: “your petitioner was approached and accosted by the said D. S. Smith, agent оf the named defendant, who falsely and maliciously accused him of having made improper remarks to a *47 certain, woman employee” (emphasis supplied), will depend upon what is meant by “falsely and maliciously” under the circumstances of the case. Construing the petition most strongly against the plaintiff upon general demurrеr, it alleges that Smith with ill will made the accusation from which the ensuing events stemmed knowing that the accusation was in fact not true and unfounded. In view of this construction of the petition, Smith was not acting within the scope of his employment in making the accusation and in committing the acts of violence that grew out of such accusation. The petition alleges the converse of Smith’s carrying out, in good faith, his duties as defendant’s night watchman to prevent reproachable conduct on the premises оf defendant. This case is not such a case as criticized in Central of Ga. Ry. Co. v. Brown, 113 Ga. 414, 416 (38 S. E. 989), cited in Frazier v. Southern Ry. Co., 200 Ga. 590, 594 (37 S. E. 2d, 774), where the court said: “Some of the courts seem at one time to have been inclined to hold that a master could not be held liable for the wilful torts of his servant, because, it is said, if the servаnt through anger or malice committed an assault upon a person, he ceased for the time being to occupy ‍‌‌‌​​​‌‌‌‌‌​​‌‌​​‌​​‌‌​​‌​‌​​​‌​‌​‌​​​‌​‌​‌‌‌​​‌‍the position of seiwant, and acted independently; that, inasmuch as he was not authorized to commit an assault, he did not reрresent the master in that act but acted as an individual, the master therefore being not liable either in case or in trespass. This argument has long since been exploded. The theory that one may he a servant one minute, and, the very next minute, get angry, commit an assault, and in that act he not a servant, was too refined a distinction.” In the instant case, the petition, under the construction made thereof by this court, did not allege that, at any time between the time plaintiff was approached and аccosted by Smith and the time the assault took place, Smith was acting in good faith as agent of defendant. Nor is this a case where defendant is alleged to be guilty of a primary act of negligence in the selection of an unfit servant. The defendаnt is sought to be made liable only on the theory of respondeat superior. While the petition contains a general allegation that the acts complained of were done within the scope of Smith’s employment, the specific allеgations as to the acts of Smith negative such general allegation. As to Cleo Morgan, it is only *48 alleged that he was a servаnt of defendant and that he appeared on the scene and assisted Smith in the assault, and that plaintiff’s injuries were directly аnd proximately caused by the wilful and wanton misconduct of defendant’s agents, who, at the time, were acting for and in behalf of their principal. In view of what has been held, the petition, construed against plaintiff, merely alleges that Morgan joined in a personal altercation between plaintiff and Smith, and such allegations are insufficient as against a general demurrer tо show that Morgan’s participation in the assault was done in the scope of his employment. See: Lewis v. Amorous, 3 Ga. App. 50 (59 S. E. 338), and Bates v. Southern Ry. Co., 52 Ga. App. 576 (183 S. E. 819).

The court did not err in overruling plaintiff’s demurrer to defendant’s demurrer and answer, and did ‍‌‌‌​​​‌‌‌‌‌​​‌‌​​‌​​‌‌​​‌​‌​​​‌​‌​‌​​​‌​‌​‌‌‌​​‌‍not err in sustaining defendant’s general demurrer to the petition and in dismissing the action.

Judgment affirmed.

Sutton, C.J., and Worrill, J., concur.