55 Wis. 652 | Wis. | 1882
Lead Opinion
The contract of January 24, 1879, between the plaintiffs of the one part, and Pettis and Moss of the other part, is, we think, substantially a contract for the raising of a crop of flax on shares. The plaintiffs furnished the seed, and Pettis and Moss the land and labor necessary to produce the crop. The parties stipulated that the whole crop ■of flaxseed should be and remain the property of the plaintiffs, of which 83 42-56 bushels should be theirs absolutely, and the balance should be subject to the payment by them to Pettis and Moss of the Chicago market price of flaxseed, 'less twenty-five cents per bushel, and less advances. Pettis and Moss also stipulated to pay the plaintiffs the deficiency, should the crop fail to yield them the 83 42-56 bushels. Undoubtedly parties making a contract to raise a crop on .shares may make valid stipulations for the disposition of the -crop. They may stipulate what interest each shall have in it, or that the legal title to the crop shall be and remain in
This view does not conflict with the cases in this court in which it has been held that a chattel mortgage of goods not in esse, or of after acquired goods, is inoperative. In the first of these cases (Comstock v. Scales, 7 Wis., 159), the rule was applied to a mortgage on a crop of grain, executed to one not otherwise interested in the crop, at or about the time the seed for the crop was sown and before it was up. The same rule was applied in Chynoweth v. Tenney, 10 Wis., 397; F. L. & T. Co. v. Commercial Bank, 11 Wis., 207; Single v. Phelps, 20 Wis., 398; Mowry v. White, 21 Wis., 417; Hunter v. Bosworth, 43 Wis., 583. In each of these cases a debtor sought to secure his creditor by a mortgage on property either not in esse, or which neither of them then owned, but which the mortgagor expected to acquire at some future time.
The contract now under consideration belongs to an entirely different class, and its validity and effect must be determined by rules of law which have no application to the above cases. Under this contract the parties to it embarked in a joint adventure, to wit, the raising of a crop of flax-seed. For their share of the proceeds of the adventure the plaintiffs were to have the whole crop, which the other parties undertook should amount to 83 42-56 bushels. Pettis and Moss were to receive as their share of the adventure, from the plaintiffs, the Chicago market price, less twenty-five cents per bushel for the whole crop in excess of 83 42-56 bushels.
We perceive no grounds upon which the validity of the contract can be successfully denied. We think it valid, and that the parties to it take under it precisely Avhat they stipulated for. We are of the opinion, therefore, that the legal title to the whole crop was always in the plaintiffs, subject
Thus far we have only considered the rights of Pettis and Moss. The defendant is in no position to claim any other or greater rights. He acquired whatever interest he had in the flaxseed with full knowledge of the plaintiffs’ interest therein, and he is no better or different position in respect to it than Pettis and Moss would have been had they retained such interest, and were they the defendants in this action. Moreover, the uncontradicted oral testimony is that the seed was sold on the Barnes execution, subject to the plaintiffs’ interest therein, by virtue of the contract of January 24, 1SY9. The effect of this testimony was somewhat discussed in the arguments of counsel, but it is unnecessary to determine its effect, because it may be stricken out without affecting the rights or liabilities of the parties.
The court found the value of that interest to be one dollar per bushel. That was the market price at the place of delivery on October 13, 1879, the date of the service of the writ. ¥e suppose that figure is ob#bined by deducting twenty-five cents from the Chicago market price on that day. The seed rose in value afterwards, so that, as we understand the testimony of one of the plaintiffs, the contract price on December 1, 1879, was $1.25 per bushel. The defendant has the right to have his interest in the seed estimated by the price on that day. Because the value of defendant’s interest in the seed was measured by an erroneous standard to his prejudice, the judgment must be reversed.
It is claimed for plaintiffs that they should have been allowed an advance of $14 made to Pettis and Moss at the date of the contract. We think the claim well founded, and the defendant’s interest in the 122 44-56 bushels should have been found to be' $14 and the agreed interest thereon less than the value of the seed at $1.25 per bushel.
By the Court.— The judgment of the circuit court is re
Dissenting Opinion
I am compelled to dissent from the construction given by the majority of the court to the contract made January 24, 1879. There is no question of the defendant’s right to the whole of the flaxseed unless the plaintiffs were the owners by virtue of the written agreement made three months before the seed was sown from which the flaxseed in question was grown. This being an action of replevin, the only question is whether the title to the crop sown by Pettis and Moss three months after making the contract, on their own land, was in the plaintiffs when this suit was commenced. The plaintiffs “ furnished ” and “ delivered ” the seed to Pettis and Moss, and were to be “ credited ” for the seed so “ advanced.” It is true, Pet-tis and Moss agreed to sow the same for the plaintiffs, and to deliver to them or their order December 1, 1879, 83 42-56 bushels of prime flaxseed. Rut it was expressly stipulated that “ in case of failure of crop,” so that Pettis and Moss were “v/nahle to pay” the plaintiffs the 83 42-56 bushels “at said time,” then by said agreement they were “to pay” to the plaintiffs or to their order, “ on demamd, the value ” that said seed would be to them in money at the time the demand should be made, with interest at the rate of ten per cent, per annum from the time said seed should have been delivered.
It is true, the seed so furnished was, by the contract, to remain the property of the plaintiffs, but it is evident this was merely by way of security; for it was not to be returned to them, nor sold for them, but Pettis and Moss were to sow the same in their own land, and then to pay for the same either in flaxseed thereafter to be grown, or in money, as indicated. This is corroborated by the clause: “ In case the said Wm. Lam/on db Bro. makes me a/ny further ad-
For myself, I am unable to understand how Pettis and Moss could “ contract for the raising of a crop of flaxseed on shares ” under a contract in which “ the whole crop of flaxseed should be and remain the property of the plaintiffs.” Nor am I able to understand what “ share ” would remain for Pettis and Moss of the crop raised by themselves on their own land, if “the plaintiffs were to have the whole crop” “for their share of the adventure.” Nor am I able to understand why Pettis and Moss agreed in the contract “ to sell ” their “ entire crop ” of flaxseed to the plaintiffs, or to their order, at the price and at the time named, if it was to be, the moment it came into existence, the property of the plaintiffs, and at no time to be the property of Pettis and Moss, though raised by them, on their own land. Nor am I able to discover in the contract anything which the plaintiffs and Pettis and Moss were to have or own in common, nor in which each party were to have a “ share ” or
Such being the contract, I must regard the seed “furnished ” and “ advanced ” by and “ credited ” to the plaintiffs at the time of making the contract as an absolute sale on credit on the one hand, and an absolute purchase on credit on the other, with a contract which, in effect, was a chattel mortgage1 back to the vendors on the seed, to secure to them the payment of the value of 83 42-56 bushels of such seed December 1, 1819. So I must regard the $14 “ advanced ” by and “ credited ” to the plaintiffs as a mere loan to Pettis and Moss, with security back upon the seed so advanced. It is true, the contract in form purported to be a security for the repayment of the flaxseed or its value in money, and the $14 and interest upon each, upon a crop which Pettis and Moss expected to raise upon their land, but which was not then in existence, and which did not begin to grow for more than three months thereafter, but as a security it must be conceded that it was wholly inoperative, even as to the seed advanced and the money, upon the principles of the authorities cited in the opinion of the court and many others which might be added. As to the crop not then in existence, but thereafter to be raised by Pettis and Moss upon their land, the agreement was, in my opinion, a mere executory contract, for which Pettis and Moss might be liable in damages, but could not, so long as they or the defendant claiming under them were in possession, operate to put the title to the crop subsequently raised by them in the plaintiffs.
I concur in the reversal of the judgment, but think the complaint should be dismissed.