453 F.3d 289 | 5th Cir. | 2006
Lamont REESE, Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
Brad LIVINGSTON; Nathaniel Quarterman, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Correctional Institutions Division; Charles O'Reilly, Senior Warden, Huntsville Unit, Huntsville, Texas; Unknown Executioners, Defendants-Appellees.
No. 06-70026.
United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit.
June 20, 2006.
Richard Alley, Robert Franklin Ford, Fort Worth, TX, for Reese.
Tina J. Dettmer, Austin, TX, for Defendants-Appellees.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas.
Before HIGGINBOTHAM, DAVIS and PRADO, Circuit Judges.
PATRICK E. HIGGINBOTHAM, Circuit Judge:
Proceeding under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, Lamont Reese seeks a stay of his execution scheduled for June 20, 2006. He attacks the method of execution by injection as administered in Texas as cruel and unusual punishment under the Eighth Amendment. The suit does not challenge the conviction or sentence of death.
* On December 8, 2000, following his conviction for capital murder in the 371st Judicial District Court of Tarrant County, Texas, Reese was sentenced to death. The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals affirmed his judgment and sentence. Reese v. State. No. 23,989 (Tex.Crim.App. Nov. 6, 2002), cert. denied, Reese v. State, 539 U.S. 930, 123 S.Ct. 2581, 156 L.Ed.2d 610 (2003). Reese filed a state petition for habeas corpus on July 16, 2002, and a supplemental application on January 31, 2003. The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals denied the petition. Ex Parte Reese, Nos. 55,443-01 and 55,443-02 (Tex.Crim. App. Apr. 30, 2003). Turning to the federal courts, Reese's application for COA was denied by this Court on May 4, 2004. See Reese v. Dretke, 99 Fed.Appx. 503, No. 03-10839 (5th Cir.2004) (unpublished), and the Supreme Court denied certiorari on October 18, 2004. Reese v. Dretke, 543 U.S. 944, 125 S.Ct. 368, 160 L.Ed.2d 256 (2004). Proceeding under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, this suit was filed in the United States District Court, Northern District of Texas, on May 25, 2006.
II
Reese seeks relief under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 from two claimed violations from threatened injuries. First, Reese requests "a permanent injunction prohibiting Defendants from injecting him with three chemicals that (1) unnecessarily increase the risk of torture during the execution; and (2) are superfluous and wholly unnecessary to effect lethal injection. Second, [Reese] requests that this Court enter an injunction prohibiting Defendants from utilizing any invasive medical procedures to gain venous access for the lethal injection, at least until and unless he is made aware under what circumstances and standards those procedures will occur and those standards are sufficient to protect [his] medical needs."
III
The challenge to the chemical formulation used in the execution, as well as a cut down procedure used to reach veins not otherwise reachable, are the same as put forward in other cases—that persons are subjected to the high risk of unnecessary and extreme pain and entail procedures that done at all ought be done only by trained medical personnel. We will not pause to repeat them.
IV
As for Hill's request for a stay, the State responds that the request is untimely and should be denied, pointing to decisions of the Supreme Court in Hill v. McDonough, ___ U.S. ___, 126 S.Ct. 2096, ___ L.Ed.2d ___ (2006), and Nelson v. Campbell, 541 U.S. 637, 124 S.Ct. 2117, 158 L.Ed.2d 924 (2004), as well as the decisions of this court in Harris v. Johnson, 376 F.3d 414 (5th Cir.2004), and White v. Johnson, 429 F.3d 572 (5th Cir.2005). Reese contends that Harris and White have been undermined by the Supreme Court's decision in Hill.
We disagree. The question in Hill was whether a similar challenge "must be brought by an action for a writ of habeas corpus . . . or whether it may proceed as an action for relief under 42 U.S.C. § 1983." Hill, at 2099. Hill was not focused on the timing of the filing, the question we face here. Even when properly brought under § 1983, the Court did not retreat from the requirements for obtaining a stay, stating that "inmates seeking time to challenge the manner in which the State plans to execute them must satisfy all of the requirements for a stay, including a showing of a significant possibility of success on the merits." Hill, at 2104. Further, the Court emphasized that "[t]he federal courts can and should protect States from dilatory or speculative suits. . . ." Id.
Moreover, it is significant that, while not passing on the particular determination, the Court cited our decision in White v. Johnson, 429 F.3d 572 (5th Cir.2005), as one of "a number of federal courts [that] have invoked their equitable powers to dismiss suits ... filed too late in the day." Id. at 2104. There, we dismissed White's similar challenge, filed several years after his conviction became final on direct review, because he could have brought the claim much earlier. See, e.g., Neville v. Johnson, 440 F.3d 221, 222 (5th Cir.2006) ("A challenge to a method of execution may be filed any time after the plaintiff's conviction has become final on direct review."). Here, Reese's conviction became final in 2003, once the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals affirmed his conviction and sentence and the Supreme Court denied certiorari. See Reese v. State, No. 23,989 (Tex.Crim.App. Nov. 6, 2002), cert. denied, Reese v. State, 539 U.S. 930, 123 S.Ct. 2581, 156 L.Ed.2d 610 (2003). Reese's late claim is no different than the late claim in White, and we are not persuaded that Hill has undermined the decisions of this Court insisting upon a timely filing or that until Hill the suit could not have been brought.
Further, the Court in Hill insisted that "[a] court considering a stay must also apply `a strong equitable presumption against the grant of a stay where a claim could have been brought at such a time as to allow consideration of the merits without requiring entry of a stay.'" Hill at 2104. Timely filing would have afforded opportunity for developing facts and considered resolution of the merits of the repeated charges being leveled against this method of execution. Testimony in open court can cast away shadows and allow a principled decision of the merit of the assertions of all concerned—rather than forcing courts to choose between speculative assertions and "just trust me" responses. As we read Hill, a plaintiff cannot wait until a stay must be granted to enable him to develop facts and take the case to trial—not when there is no satisfactory explanation for the delay. We find this suit with its request for equitable relief to be untimely.
The request for stay of execution is DENIED as untimely.