78 P. 30 | Cal. | 1904
[EDITORS' NOTE: THIS PAGE CONTAINS HEADNOTES. HEADNOTES ARE NOT AN OFFICIAL PRODUCT OF THE COURT, THEREFORE THEY ARE NOT DISPLAYED.] *513 The defendant, C.E. Gunn, within sixty days after its rendition, appealed from the judgment in favor of the plaintiffs, and he brings up the evidence by bill of exceptions. The complaint is in the ordinary form of an action to quiet title. The answer avers title in the defendant, Gunn. The action was begun in the name of B.T. Lacy, who has since died, and the present respondents have been substituted in his stead.
The evidence shows that both the plaintiffs and the defendant, Gunn, claim through the Amalie Mining Company, and the question which has the better title depends on the validity of the respective conveyances by which each claims to have acquired the title of that company.
The plaintiffs claim title by virtue of a judgment, execution sale, and sheriff's deed. On May 9, 1898, B.T. Lacy recovered judgment in the superior court of Kern County against the Amalie Mining Company for the sum of $7,909.56, which was then duly docketed, and became a lien on the real estate of said company within the county. Execution was duly issued thereon on April 27, 1899, and, in virtue thereof, the sheriff sold the mining claim in controversy to B.T. Lacy, the plaintiff in the action, for seven thousand five hundred dollars, and no redemption being made, a deed was executed to the purchaser on October 2, 1900, in pursuance of the sale.
The claim of the defendant, Gunn, is upon a deed from J.B. Ferris as assignee of the Amalie Mining Company under an assignment made by that company for the benefit of its creditors. The assignment, covering the property in question and other property of the company, was executed to the sheriff of the county, as provided in section
The assignment antedates the judgment under which plaintiffs claim, and therefore, if the assignment is valid, the plaintiffs' judgment did not become a lien on the property, and the deed of the assignee transferred the title to Gunn and constitutes a complete defense to the action.
The respondents claim that the assignment for the benefit of creditors is void. The principal ground for this contention is, that the property in question constituted the mining ground of the Amalie Mining Company, a mining corporation, that the assignment was neither ratified nor authorized by the holders of two thirds of the stock of the corporation, and hence that it is void under section 1 of the act of April 23, 1880. (Stats. 1880, p. 131.) That section is as follows: "It shall not be lawful for the directors of any mining corporation to sell, lease, mortgage, or otherwise dispose of the whole or any part of the mining ground owned or held by such corporation, nor to purchase or obtain, in any way, any additional mining ground, unless such act be ratified by the holders of at least two thirds of the capital stock of such corporation. Such ratification may be made either in writing, signed and acknowledged by such stockholders, or by resolution duly passed at a stockholders' meeting called for that purpose."
The appellant claims that the statute is unconstitutional, and cites the case of Krause v. Durbrow,
We think, however, that under the circumstances of this case the plaintiffs cannot question the validity of the assignment so far as it affects the mining property. Section 3458 of the Civil Code declares that "An assignment for the benefit of creditors must be in writing, subscribed by the assignor, or by his agent thereto authorized in writing," and section 3459 is as follows: "Unless the provisions of the last section are complied with, an assignment for the benefit of creditors is void against every creditor of the assignor not assenting thereto." *516
Aside from the provisions of the code, there is a general rule that a creditor who files his claim under an assignment, in the manner prescribed by law, thereby waives all objections to the regularity of the assignment and to the title of the assignee to the assets. (Littlejohn v. Turner,
We think, however, that, as to the mining property, the deed of assignment, so long as it lacked the assent of ratification of the necessary stockholders, was void as against the corporation itself, and hence no estoppel to dispute its validity could arise against a creditor during such time as the transfer remained invalid as against the corporation. The effect of the contrary doctrine would be, that neither the assenting creditors by their execution sale, nor the assignee by sale under the assignment, could reach this part of the property to apply it to the payment of the debts, and, therefore, if all the creditors should file their claims under the assignment in such a case, in order to share in the proceeds of other property included in the assignment, as they would have the right to do, the insolvent corporation could hold this mining property free from the demands of any and all creditors. This would be conclusive of the case if nothing further appeared. But the additional facts and subsequent events justify a different rule. It appears that the assignee had possession of the mining property immediately after his election, and continued to hold possession thereof until the sale to the defendant. The plaintiff's judgment was docketed on May 9, 1898, and thereupon it became a general lien upon all property of the corporation subject to execution. The plaintiff, *518 however, took no steps whatever to enforce the judgment against this or any other property, but allowed the same to remain passive for almost a year. In the mean time, on November 7, 1898, the stockholders ratified the assignment, and the deed constituting such ratification was recorded November 25, 1898. Nine days after the ratification the assignee sold the property to the appellant. The sale purports to be a sale of the entire interest therein. There is nothing to indicate that it was a sale subject to plaintiffs' judgment lien, and it is apparent from the entire proceedings in the case that it was not so understood. The deed of the assignee to the defendant, Gunn, was duly recorded on November 25, 1898. No proceedings to enforce the judgment were taken until April 27, 1899, at which time Lacy, the judgment plaintiff, caused the execution to issue on which the sheriff's sale to him was made. During all this time following the sale to the defendant, Gunn, and until the issuance of the execution, the judgment creditor, Lacy, did nothing to withdraw the creditor's claim from full participation in the proceeds of the property sold by the assignee; but, on the contrary, kept the claims on file as unsecured claims, to share fully in the proceeds of the mining property and other assets.
The suit on the claim cannot be considered as a repudiation of the assignment or a withdrawal of the claims. There is nothing forbidding such suit, either in the statute or in the assignment, and therefore the creditors had the right to sue on the claims after they were filed and allowed, and to collect the judgment recovered out of any property not covered by the assignment. There is no inconsistency in the contemporaneous prosecution of the two remedies, unless there is an attempt to seize the assigned property on the execution. (Williams v. Cox,
The purchaser at the assignee's sale had the right to take the conditions existing at the time of his purchase as the measure of his rights and of the claims and rights of other parties to the assignment, and having made the purchase, presumably on the faith of these conditions, the other parties to the assignment should not be allowed to change their relations to his prejudice. By continuing to maintain the relation of an unsecured creditor, and keeping his claims on file to the full amount thereof, after the ratification by the necessary stockholders had made the assignment valid as to the mining ground, and until the sale to the defendant, and thus keeping himself in a position to share fully in the proceeds of the sale to defendant, the plaintiff became estopped to deny the title thus transfered to defendant, as fully as he would have been estopped if the assignment had been originally authorized by the two thirds of the stockholders.
If there was anything in the nature of a claim that the defendant had purchased the property subject to the lien of the plaintiffs' judgment, this estoppel, of course, would not apply to the case; but as before stated, it is not claimed upon the face of this record that there was any such understanding, and the contrary appears to be the fact. If upon a new trial it shall be shown that there was such an understanding, or possibly if for any reason it should appear that the defendant's purchase was unfair or inequitable as against the creditors, we do not wish to be understood as holding that the plaintiff in that case would be estopped from asserting title to the property as against the defendant.
It is suggested that to permit the appellant's purchase from the assignee to stand would be inequitable on account of the low price paid, and the fact that appellant now owns almost all of the stock. It is settled, however, that inadequacy of price alone is not sufficient to justify a court in declaring a sale fraudulent. We are of the opinion that, as against the plaintiffs, the assignment and the sale by the assignee to the defendant must be considered as valid, and that the findings and judgment holding it void are not sustained by the evidence. We cannot, however, direct the court below to enter judgment in favor of the appellant. There is a general finding *520 that he has no interest in the property, and hence a new trial is necessary.
There is evidence tending to show that the directors who instructed the president and secretary to make the assignment were, at the time, the actual owners, as distinguished from those who appeared to be such on the books, of more than two thirds of the stock. The resolution authorizing the assignment was passed on April 7, 1897. The evidence shows that the directors who were present at the meeting and assented to this resolution were on April 9, 1897, the owners of more than two thirds of the stock. We cannot say from this statement that they were the owners of such two thirds on April 7th, at the time the resolution was passed, though there may be a strong influence to that effect. Hence, we cannot disturb the finding that the assignment was not ratified until after the judgment in favor of Lacy was docketed. But, in view of the probability of a new trial, we think it proper to say that the statute of 1880 was enacted primarily for the benefit of stockholders rather than creditors, and that a previous consent or direction by two thirds of the stockholders, although purporting to have been made in their capacity as directors, is, at least as against creditors, equivalent to a subsequent ratification, and that it is the actual owners of the stock, and not those who appear to be so, who are under the protection of the statute, and whose ratification or consent is required. There are some other points presented in the case, but in view of the conclusions we have reached as above we do not think it necessary to consider them.
The judgment is reversed and a new trial ordered.
McFarland, J., Angellotti, J., Henshaw, J., Lorigan, J., and Van Dyke, J., concurred.