FACTS
Minor was born in November 2005.
The evidence in the dependency proceeding below established that father and C.M. (mother) periodically lived together for short periods of time during an on and off relationship. They were never married. When they were apart, he would occasionally visit minor and stay overnight at mother's house. In October 2007, when minor was almost two years old, she pointed to her vagina and buttock and said, "Papi aqui."
In July 2009, minor told mother that father bit her while on a bed, and then said that father touched her private parts over her clothing. She said that father licked her vagina five times, and that it was underneath her underwear. There was a subsequent investigation, and the allegation was substantiated. The police thought minor was repeating something that she had heard on television and dropped charges against father. Mother forced father out of the house. Nonetheless, minor had overnight visits with father.
In 2016, mother and father began dating again. She gave birth to G.M., a boy, in April 2018.
On April 19, 2018, mother found a note in minor's pocket saying that father had raped her. When mother talked to minor, she denied that there had been any penetration, and said father had not threatened her. Minor never reported the abuse because she did not want her unborn brother to grow up with separated parents, and she did not want her mother to be stressed and lose the baby.
On April 20, 2018, the Department of Children and Family Services (Department)
While recounting instances of abuse, she explained that father would get in bed behind her, rub his penis against her buttocks and vagina, and squeeze her breasts under her clothing. At times he would use two fingers to rub her vagina over her clothing. Father had a pattern: he would lie next to her to touch her, then go to the bathroom for a long time, and then return to touch her again. The touching would last an hour to an hour and a half. During the abuse, she was fully clothed but believed that father was undressed because of the way his penis felt. She pretended to be asleep. He would put his finger into her vagina over her clothes, and it hurt her "a little bit." One time he tried to put his hand inside her shorts but stopped when she elbowed him.
She was scared and confused during the abuse, which occurred at night. During the day, he would act normal as though nothing had happened. He would talk about God and say that because people are born with a conscience, they know what is right or wrong. In the minor's opinion, he was trying to justify what he had done to her. She had headaches and her body was sore. The last time he touched her was on Valentine's Day 2018.
Father denied the allegations and blamed them on minor not wanting him to resume a relationship with mother. Also, he blamed it on minor being jealous due to the prospect of having a sibling, and on maternal grandmother for trying to interfere and keep mother away from him.
In early May 2018, mother went to Family Law Court to obtain a restraining order against father. The Family Law Court granted a temporary restraining order pending a September 13, 2018, hearing on the merits.
Twice, minor conducted pretext phone calls to father. He did not make any incriminating statements. Minor sent a text message directly addressing the issue of sexual abuse but father did not respond.
On June 6, 2018, the Department obtained an order to remove minor and G.M. from father. About two weeks later, the Department filed a petition under Welfare and Institutions Code section 300, subdivisions (b)(1) and (d)
A detective submitted the case to the District Attorney but no criminal charges were filed.
The juvenile court detained the children from father and released them to mother. It held a combined adjudication and disposition hearing on September 13, 2018, and it considered the request for a restraining order.
The juvenile court struck the failure to protect allegations against mother. It then sustained the amended petition as to both children based on the section 300 subdivisions (b), (d) and (j) allegations against father.
Turning to disposition, the juvenile court was informed that minor did not want visitation with father. It removed the children from his custody and ordered that he receive family enhancement services. In contrast, as to father, no reunifications services were ordered. While father was granted visitation with G.M., he did not receive visitation with minor. Father was ordered to participate in a parenting class, sex abuse counseling for perpetrators, and individual counseling.
The juvenile court granted a restraining order prohibiting father from having any contact with minor, "either directly or indirectly in any way, including but not limited to, in person, by telephone, in writing, by public or
This appeal followed.
DISCUSSION
A restraining order under section 213.5 is reviewed for an abuse of discretion. The juvenile court's factual findings are upheld if they are supported by substantial evidence. ( In re Carlos H. (2016)
Under section 213.5, a juvenile court may issue an order enjoining any person from contacting a child if such contact would jeopardize the child's safety. ( In re C.Q. (2013)
Father argues that there was no credible evidence that an order restricting all communication between minor and him was necessary to ensure her safety. He cites evidence of minor's mental resiliency despite the sexual abuse. The suggestion is that because minor has been resilient, she is strong enough to have contact with him.
These arguments are unavailing.
The evidence established that father groomed and sexually abused minor over many years, and that the nature of the sexual abuse progressed. During the sexual abuse, she was scared and confused. After he sexually abused her, he would talk about God, and she thought that he was trying to justify his actions. When his behavior came to light, father denied the sexual abuse, suggesting that he does not understand the damage he has done to her, and further suggesting a high risk that the grooming would continue if he was given access to her in any fashion. Importantly, her attorney informed the juvenile court minor did not want to see father. We conclude there was sufficient evidence that any contact between father and minor would jeopardize her emotional and psychological safety regardless of whether she
Father argues that the "dependency scheme includes a presumption that the safety of a dependent child who was subjected to non-severe sexual abuse can be adequately protected without completely restricting the child's contact with the offending parent. The juvenile court must order reunification services for the mother and statutorily presumed father. [Citation.] An order for reunification services must include some form of visitation, which necessarily includes communication between parent and child. [Citation.] The juvenile court may bypass reunification services for a parent if the child was subjected to sexual abuse, but only if the child was subjected to 'severe sexual abuse.' [Citation.]"
We roundly reject this argument.
The issue here is the restraining order, not whether the juvenile court should have granted reunification services but did not due to a misapplication of section 361.5, subdivision (b)(6) [establishing that reunification services need not be provided in cases of severe sexual abuse]. And, as father concedes, he was not entitled to reunification services because mother retained physical custody of minor. ( In re Pedro Z. (2010)
As for the argument that father's sexual abuse of his daughter was not severe, this was not argued below and is therefore waived. ( Hepner v. Franchise Tax Bd. (1997)
The evidence was sufficient to establish that a restraining order was necessary to ensure minor's safety. The juvenile court did not abuse its discretion.
The order is affirmed.
We concur:
CHAVEZ, J.
HOFFSTADT, J.
Notes
G.M. is not a subject of this appeal.
The Department takes no position in this appeal.
All further statutory references are to the Welfare and Institutions Code unless otherwise indicated.
California Rules of Court, rule 5.630(a) establishes that after the Department has filed a petition under section 300, a juvenile court is authorized to issue a restraining order as provided in section 213.5.