134 Ky. 650 | Ky. Ct. App. | 1909
Opinion of the court by
— Affirming.
The appellant company delivered to the Henderson Tobáceo Extract Company at its factory one of its' cars loaded with coke. The car was loaded at a mine on the line of the railroad company, and carried from there by it on its line of railroad to Henderson^ its
It is argued that the petition is defective because it fails to aver (1) that the company knew of the defect in the car door, or by the exercise of ordinary care could have known it; (2) that Freppon did not know of the defect, and by the exercise of ordinary care could not have known it; and (3) because it does not contain any averment showing that the company owed a duty to Freppon that would make it liable to respond in damages to him for any injuries received.
The action is not based upon the assumption that the relation of master and servant existed between the company and Freppon, but proceeds on the theory that the railroad company was under a duty to have the car in reasonably safe condition, and that he was injured by its negligence in having and permitting the door of the car to be and remain out of repair and in a dangerous condition. It is only in actions by a servant against his master to recover damages growing out of negligence in respect to the
It is, however, earnestly insisted that the company owed no duty whatever to Freppon, and therefore was not responsible to him in damages for an injury sustained by reason of the defective condition of its car, however negligent it may have been in failing to discover and repair the defect. This argument is put by counsel upon the ground that Freppon at the time he was injured was not in the employment of the railroad company or performing any service for it, but was
First. The car by which Freppon was injured was owned and used by the railroad company, and was placed by it on the switch only for the purpose of being unloaded.
Second. The extract company had no control over the disposition or movement of the car, or anything to do with it, except to unload it at the place where it was placed by the railroad company.
Third. Freppon was not in any capacity a servant of the railroad company. He was an employe of the extract company, and as such undertook for it to assist in unloading the car.
Fourth. The car door that fell upon him was in an unsafe and dangerous condition when it was placed at the unloading point by the railroad company, and its defective condition was at that time known to the employes of the railroad company.
So -that upon these facts, the question may be thus stated: Is a common carrier under a duty to maintain its cars in a reasonably safe condition when they have
And there seems to be no sound distinction between its duty in these respects and its duty to persons to whom it furnishes cars in the course of its business, for the purpose of being loaded or unloaded. Its obligation to keep its station platforms and approaches in a reasonably safe condition for use by persons, lawfully enjoying them by its invitation is no greater than its duty to keep a car in a reasonably safe condition that it furnishes to a shipper and invites him to use. In each instance the person using the premises or appliances furnished to him by the carrier for the purpose of enabling him to transact business with it has a right to assume that the premises and appliances so furnished will be reasonably safe for his.
As said in 3 Elliott on Railroads, Sec. 1248; “One who comes upon the premises of a railroad company in the usual course of business with it for the purpose of loading or unloading, or delivering and receiving freight, is not a mere licensee, but is entitled to the care due one who is invited to come upon the premises of another.”
In Southern Railway Company in Kentucky v. Goddard, 121 Ky. 567, 89 S. W. 675, 28 Ky. Law Rep. 675, the court cited with approval the following extract from Cooley on Torts:
“When one expressly or by invitation invites others to come upon its premises, whether for business or any other purpose, it is his duty to be reasonably sure that he is not inviting them into danger, and to that end he must exercise ordinary care and prudence to render the premises reasonably safe for the visit.” White v. Cincinnati, etc., Railway Company, 89 Ky. 478, 12 S. W. 936, 7 L. R. A. 44, was an action by the employe of a shipper of stock who was injured by a defective stock shute while engaged in loading
“The rule is well settled by a uniform current of decisions so numerous that citation is unnecessary that a railroad must keep its platform and approaches to which the public do or will naturally resort in doing business with it in a safe condition for such úse. * * * The appellant had a right to be where he was and engaged as he was, when he was injured. The company had invited his presence by holding itself out as a carrier of stock. It had impliedly said to the public, ‘the- platform is safe for the purpose intended, if reasonable care can be exercised in its use. ’ * * * In this case the company had provided but the one chute and the one apron for the shipment of stock at the station. It was inviting patronage in this way by the public, although it knew the means provided for the purpose were unsafe. ’ ’
A case very much in point is Sheltrawn v. Michigan Central Railroad Co., 128 Mich. 669, 87 N. W. 893. In that case the railroad company had placed a number of flat cars on a switch for the purpose of being loaded with logs. Sheltrawn, who was engaged in loading the logs, as an employe of the owner of the logs, was injured by reason of the cars being supplied with defective or unsafe brakes. It is true the petition charged that the railroad company knew the use to which the cars would be put, but this does not seem to have been a material issue in the case; the court proceeding upon the theory that it was the duty of the railroad company to furnish cars in a reasonably safe condition for the use intended. In considering the case the court said:
“It does not appear to be questioned that the relation of the defendant to this operation was such as
Risque v. Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Co., 104 Va. 476, 51 S. E. 730, relied on by counsel for appellant, we do not regard as applicable to the case we are considering. In that case Risque, who was an employe of the Alleghany Ore & Iron Company, was injured in a collision between an engine of the ore and iron company and a passenger train of the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Company. It seems that the collision was caused by the fact that the railroad company furnished the iron and ore company with cars without brakes to be used by the latter company in its yards. In the course of the opinion the court said: “The declaration shows that the cars were delivered by the railway company to the ore and iron company on the side track to be moved and either unloaded of freight belonging to the ore and iron company, or loaded with the product of the company. If these cars were without brakes, or equipped with unsound brakes, it was the duty of the ore and iron company to ascertain the fact by inspection and either remedy the defect or' decline to use the cars. No relation of employer and employe existed between the defendant company and plaintiff’s intestate ; and, if he suffered any injury by reason of the cars in question being without brakes or equipped with unsound brakes, the liability, if any, would rest upon his master, the Alleghany Ore & Iron Company, for failing to make proper inspection, and not upon the railway company.”
It will thus be seen that the defective cars that caused the injury to Risque had been turned over to
To the same effect is L. & N. R. R. Co. v. Veach, 46 S. W. 493, 20 Ky. Law Rep. 403. Roddy v. Missouri Pacific R. Co., 104 Mo. 234, 15 S. W. 1112, 12 L. R. A. 746, 24 Am. St. Rep. 333, is also relied on by counsel for the appellant, but a careful reading of the case shows that it is not in conflict with the views we have expressed. Eoddy was an employe of Pickle, who owned and operated a stone quarry. The railroad company , furnished cars to the quarry to be loaded with stone. Eoddy was injured by the failure of the railroad company to have the cars furnished the
“What, then was the true relation between these parties? And what, if any, duty did it owe to plaintiff Roddy as the employe of Pickle? Defendant was engaged in the general business of a common carrier. It operated a railroad between St. Louis and Kansas City. Pickle was the owner of large and valuable stone quarries situated some distance from the defendant’s road. * * * It thus became a matter of mutual interest and profit to defendant and Pickle to provide means for the transportation of this merchandise from the quarry to points at which it could be sold. A contract was entered into between them, by which defendant built a branch or spur road from its line to the quarries, and also tracks from this spur into the quarries. These were paid for by Pickle. In order to facilitate the transportation of stone, which was beneficial' to both parties, it was agreed that defendant should, when cars were needed, place them on the quarry tracks oír conveniently near to them and that Pickle should move them when needed into position for loading, and, when loaded, defendant should take them out' and transport them to' their destination. Plaintiff was employed by Pickle, and a part of his duties consisted in moving' and handling these cars. * * * Under this evidence, it is clear that what was to be done by the respective parties under the contract was for their mutual profit, and each was a
We have reached the conclusion that under the facts stated the railroad company owed a duty to the extract company and its employes to furnish the car in a reasonably safe condition to be unloaded and that under the evidence it failed to perform this duty.
The point is further made that Freppon was guilty of contributory negligence sufficient to defeat a recovery. But the facts do not authorize this assumption. There is no evidence that he knew or had reasonable grounds to believe that the car door would fall if he knocked the pin out, or that he failed to exercise .ordinary .care for his own safety. The question of whether or not he was guilty of. contributory negligence ivas fairly submitted to the jury in an in
It is further urged that the verdict is excessive, but the evidence does not warrant us in so holding. The injuries received by Freppon were very serious and painful, and the only doctor who testified in the case said that, although his disability to labor was not totally destroyed, it was permanently impaired, and that his injured limb would never be as good as it was before the injury. Under these circumstances the verdict is not in our opinion excessive.
Perceiving no substantial reason why the verdict should be interfered with the judgment of the lower court is affirmed.