75 N.C. 445 | N.C. | 1876
It is admitted that the town of Fayetteville possesses the power of taxation for corporate purposes, by virtue of its charter and the general laws of the State.
This concession, we think, is decisive of the case before us. For whenever the power is exercised, all taxes, whether State, (447) *318 county or town, by force of the Constitution, must be imposed upon all the real and personal property, money, credits, investments in bonds, stock, joint stock companies, or otherwise, situate in the State, county or town, except property exempted by the Constitution. Art. V, secs. 3 and 7; Art. VII, sec. 9.
It is the provision, and was the purpose of the Constitution, that thereafter there should be no discrimination in taxation in favor of any class, person or interest, but that everything, real and personal, possessing value as property, and the subject of ownership, shall be taxed equally and by a uniform rule.
In this respect the present Constitution shows no favors and allows no discretion. If, then, the town of Fayetteville has the power to tax, the Constitution steps forward and commands that all property shall be taxed and by a uniform rule. Shares in a national bank are investments in stocks, and comprise the largest portion of the moneyed wealth of the country. They are not only a proper subject of taxation in themselves, but are made taxable expressly both by the Constitution of the State and the National Banking Act which brought them into existence and stamped them upon their character Bank v. Commonwealth, 9 Wall., 353; 4 Wall., 244. The Banking Act, ratified 3 June, 1864, and amended by an act ratified 10 February, 1868, confers upon theStates in which they are located the power of taxing the shares in national banks. There are two restrictions upon the power. The first is that the tax shall be no greater than is imposed upon other moneyed capital in the hands of individual citizens of such State. The second is that shares owned by nonresidents of any State shall be taxed in thecity or town where the bank is located and not elsewhere. Therefore, if nonresident shareholders are not taxed in the State, county and (448) town where the bank is, they escape taxation altogether. Taxation is prohibited in the State of the nonresident. Such gross inequality and injustice was never intended and is expressly provided against. By the Banking Act it is wholly immaterial where the shareholder lives. The taxing power looks not for the individual, but for the bank. Where that is found the shares are taxed by the State, county or city of its locality.
In our view it was unnecessary for the Revenue Act of the State, or the charter of the town of Fayetteville to tax specifically the national bank shares of either residents or nonresidents.
Whenever and wherever these institutions spring into existence, and become the heads of moneyed investment and the representatives of wealth, the Constitution seizes them and exacts from them their proportional share of the public burdens. Neither the Legislature or the town corporation can exempt them from taxation without doing violence to the Constitution. *319
In the view we have taken of this case, it is unnecessary to examine the several revenue and other acts of the Legislature, cited and commented upon in the argument. It is enough to know, first, that Congress has impressed these bank shares with the character of taxable property in the States where located; second, that the Constitution of the State requires that all the property of the plaintiff in the State, including these investments, is to be taxed equally; and third, that the town of Fayetteville possesses the power to tax, and has levied the tax upon the bank shares, ad valorem, and uniform, as upon other property.
It is not alleged that the town tax is not uniform with the tax upon similar property, or that the assessment is in excess of that made by the township trustees. No point is made upon that. But it is proper to say that all assessments of property for taxation under the Constitution, must be made by the township board of trustees. Art. VII, sec. 6.
We have heretofore decided that this board must assess the value of property for State and county taxation, and we think, (449) for the same reasons of convenience and uniformity, that city and town taxation should be based upon the same valuation as that for the State and county. R. R. v. Comrs.,
There is error. Judgment reversed, injunction dissolved and
PER CURIAM. Action dismissed.
Dist.: Buie v. Comrs.,