33 Mich. 279 | Mich. | 1876
Plaintiff in error was convicted of keeping open on Sunday his saloon for the sale of intoxicating- liquors at retail, and of selling such liquors at retail on that day. The conviction was under section 1 of “an act to prevent the sale- or delivery of intoxicating liquors, wine and beer, to minors, and to drunken persons, and to habitual drunkards; to provide a remedy against persons selling liquor to husbands or children in certain cases,” approved May 3, 1875.
The clause under which he was convicted is as follows:
The first part of the section prohibits sales to minors and drunkards, and sales made by persons who have not filed a bond under the act.
It is claimed by the plaintiff iu error that the provision under which he was convicted is invalid, because that provision is not within the title of the act, if applied to such cases as his, where the sale is not made to minors or drunkards; and that if meant so to apply, the act is void, under that clause of the constitution which requires that “no law shall embrace more than one object, which shall bo expressed iu its title.”
It is claimed that the statute so construed is a law to enforce the proper observance of Sunday, and that no such purpose is disclosed in the title.
There is no question now presented concerning the somewhat extraordinary proviso, which seems to be based on the
There is no ambiguity in the statute. It very clearly intends to close up the places named against liquor selling, on Sundays, or after eleven at night. It is uot important on this record to examine critically into the moaning of the term “closed,” as applicable to houses, rooms, or parts of rooms. It is clearly meant that the sales at least shall be entirely stopped, and the traffic shut off effectually, so that drinking, and the conveniences for drinking, shall ho no longer accessible, and. those who frequent them for that purpose shall be dispersed. Common sense will dispose of such cases readily enough. Every body knows practically what closing a saloon or drinking place means, and there is no occasion for seeking or solving imaginary difficulties.
We are brought, then, to the question whether under such a title as that of the act in question, the legislature can punish Sunday or night sales to persons not minors, drunken persons or habitual drunkards.
Nothing but our respect for what we understand to be the doubts of some judicial officers in regard to this statute, has induced us to deem it proper to do more than refer to the numerous cases heretofore decided on the meaning of the constitutional provision. It is a very wise and wholesome provision, intended to prevent legislators from being-entrapped into the careless passage of bills on matters foreign to the' ostensible purpose of the statute as entitled. But it is not designed to require the body of the bill to be a mere repetition of the title. Neither is it intended to. prevent including in the bill such moans as are reasonably adapted to secure the object indicated by the title. It would not be profitable to discuss those extreme cases where the adaptation of means to ends is so far-fetched and unnatural as to be directly and palpably misleading. This case presents, in our view, no such difficulties. ■
The judgment must be affirmed.