468 N.W.2d 533 | Mich. Ct. App. | 1991
KUIKSTRA
v.
CHEERS GOOD TIME SALOONS, INC
Michigan Court of Appeals.
Napieralski & Walsh, P.C. (by Peter P. Walsh), for the plaintiffs.
Gruel, Mills, Nims & Pylman (by Brion J. Brooks and Scott R. Melton), for Cheers Good Time Saloons, Inc.
Before: MacKENZIE, P.J., and SAWYER and R.B. BURNS,[*] JJ.
R.B. BURNS, J.
Plaintiffs appeal, and defendant Cheers Good Time Saloons, Inc., cross appeals, a circuit court order which both denied Cheers' motion to set aside a default taken by plaintiffs and dismissed plaintiffs' complaint. At the hearing on Cheers' motion to set aside the default, the circuit court found that Cheers had not shown "excusable neglect" in failing to respond to plaintiffs' summons and complaint within the time provided by the court rules. However, the court also determined that plaintiffs did not state a cause of action under the dramshop act, and dismissed their complaint with prejudice in accordance with Cheers' oral motion. We reverse.
This case arises out of a December 21, 1986, automobile accident, in which nineteen-year-old Ronald L. Kuikstra was allegedly struck and killed by defendant Melissa Ann Beuschel after Ronald had parked and gotten out of his disabled vehicle in a left-turn lane. Plaintiffs allege that Cheers *702 had served Ronald alcohol, which was a proximate cause of the accident and a violation of the dramshop act.
Plaintiffs, Ronald Kuikstra's estate and various members of his family, filed a summons and complaint in this matter which was served on Cheers on December 28, 1988. Over the next several months, discovery proceeded between plaintiffs and defendant Bueschel, but Cheers did not file an appearance or a responsive pleading. On March 23, 1989, Cheers was served with notice of a pretrial conference scheduled for April 24, 1989. On May 25, 1989, plaintiffs entered a default against Cheers.
On June 20, 1989, Cheers' counsel filed an appearance and moved to set aside the default. At the June 30, 1989, hearing on the motion, the court denied Cheers' motion to set aside the default for lack of excusable neglect. However, the court also dismissed plaintiffs' complaint because it found no cause of action available under the dramshop act for a minor who was served alcohol, or for his family.
We first address Cheers' cross appeal regarding the denial of its motion to set aside the default. MCR 2.603(D)(1) provides:
A motion to set aside a default or a default judgment, except when grounded on lack of jurisdiction over the defendant, shall be granted only if good cause is shown and an affidavit of facts showing a meritorious defense is filed.
"Good cause" to set aside a default requires a lesser showing than the "excusable neglect" standard the circuit court appeared to use. See Komejan v Suburban Softball, Inc, 179 Mich App 41, 50; 445 NW2d 186 (1989). The "good cause" requirement *703 may be satisfied by showing: (1) a substantial defect or irregularity in the proceedings upon which the default was based, (2) a reasonable excuse for failure to comply with the requirement which created the default, or (3) some other reason showing that manifest injustice would result from permitting the default to stand. Id., p 49.
Here, Cheers' affidavits and supporting documents established that Cheers had mailed the summons and complaint to its counsel on the day it was served, but that its counsel had no memory or record of receiving the documents. Thus, Cheers alleges that its failure to answer was the fault of the postal service. While the neglect of an attorney is not good cause and may be imputed to a party against whom default is entered, Yenglin v Mazur, 121 Mich App 218, 222; 328 NW2d 624 (1982), here the alleged neglect is the postal service's failure to deliver the mailed documents. On the basis of the facts in the affidavits, we find that good cause was presented. Further, Cheers presented a meritorious defense in that it claimed that persons who were present at Cheers' Christmas party that night stated in interviews that Ronald was not served alcoholic beverages. See Reed v Walsh, 170 Mich App 61; 427 NW2d 588 (1988). Therefore, we find that the circuit court abused its discretion in denying Cheers' motion to set aside the default.
Next, we consider whether the circuit court erred in granting summary disposition for Cheers on plaintiffs' claims. Recently, in LaGuire v Kain, 185 Mich App 239; 460 NW2d 598 (1990), this Court discussed the dramshop act, MCL 436.22; MSA 18.993, as it exists after its 1986 amendment, and the question whether an illegally served minor and his parents could maintain an action under the act. After a lengthy analysis, the LaGuire *704 Court concluded that neither a dramshop action by an illegally served minor nor a derivative action by the minor's parents was barred by the statute. We agree and follow the reasoning of the LaGuire Court. Therefore, the circuit court erred in granting Cheers summary disposition and dismissing plaintiffs' claims.
Before we conclude, however, it is necessary to consider the recent opinion of Waranica v Cheers Good Time Saloons, Inc, 186 Mich App 398; 464 NW2d 902 (1990), and the effect of Administrative Order No. 1990-6, 436 Mich xxxi; Mich Ct R, p A 1-47. In Waranica, the plaintiffs, the parents and siblings of the deceased intoxicated minor, brought suit under the dramshop act. This Court held that the plaintiffs could maintain an action against the dramshop defendant. Id., p 404. In reaching that conclusion, however, the Court criticized the opinion in LaGuire and concluded contra that the minor himself does not have a cause of action under the dramshop act. Waranica, supra, pp 403-404.
Administrative Order No. 1990-6 requires that we "follow the rule of law established by a prior published decision of the Court of Appeals issued on or after November 1, 1990." 436 Mich xxxi. At first blush, it would seem that, under the administrative order, we would have to follow the Waranica decision in the case at bar. However, this is true only if the Waranica decision established a "rule of law" with respect to the question whether an intoxicated minor can maintain an action under the dramshop act. This it did not do.
As noted above, Waranica involved a suit brought by the parents and siblings of the intoxicated minor. The estate of the minor was not a party. Thus, the Waranica Court was only faced with the question whether a derivative action by *705 family members of the intoxicated person could be maintained under the dramshop act. The question whether the minor himself could maintain a dramshop suit was not before the Court for decision. Accordingly, the conclusion by the Court that the minor could not maintain an action is mere dicta.
As the Supreme Court explained in Roberts v Auto-Owners Ins Co, 422 Mich 594, 597-598; 374 NW2d 905 (1985), "statements concerning a principle of law not essential to determination of the case are obiter dictum and lack the force of an adjudication." See also Manley v DAIIE, 425 Mich 140, 152-153; 388 NW2d 216 (1986) (opinion of Court of Appeals on questions not presented by the parties lacks precedential force). Accordingly, because the issue whether an intoxicated minor can maintain a dramshop action was not before the Waranica Court for decision, its conclusion in regard to this issue was obiter dictum and without precedential value. Moreover, we see nothing in Administrative Order No. 1990-6 which suggests that we are obligated to follow an earlier panel's dicta. Rather, we are merely obligated under the administrative order to follow a rule of law established by a prior panel. Since an obiter dictum does not establish a rule of law, we are not obligated to follow it.
For the above reasons, the Waranica Court's decision is not binding precedent under Administrative Order No. 1990-6 on the issue whether an intoxicated minor can maintain an action under the dramshop act, and we are free to follow LaGuire, supra, on this point. As discussed above, we believe LaGuire represents the better-reasoned view of this issue, and we choose to follow it.
The above discussion precludes the need to address any other issues raised.
Reversed and remanded for trial. No costs, neither *706 side having prevailed in full. We do not retain jurisdiction.
SAWYER, J., concurred.
MacKENZIE, P.J. (concurring in part and dissenting in part).
I would affirm in part and reverse in part.
I agree with the majority that the trial court erred in denying Cheers' motion to set aside the default. Further, for the reasons stated in Waranica v Cheers Good Time Saloons, Inc, 186 Mich App 398; 464 NW2d 902 (1990), I am also of the opinion that the trial court erred in holding that Kuikstra's family members failed to state a cause of action under the dramshop act. Unlike the majority, however, I believe that, consistent with Waranica, the trial court correctly ruled that Kuikstra's estate failed to state a cause of action.
In concluding that Kuikstra's estate's dramshop claim is not barred, the majority dismisses this Court's opinion in Waranica as nonbinding precedent under Administrative Order No. 1990-6. I disagree.
I cannot conclude, as the majority does, that the Waranica panel's twice-stated holding that "the family of the intoxicated minor continues to have a dramshop right of action under subsection (4) of the 1986 amendment, even though the intoxicated minor is denied such a right," id., p 404, and "even though the minor does not have a cause of action under the 1986 amendment, his family does," id., p 408 does not constitute a "rule of law" that an intoxicated minor does not have a cause of action under the amended dramshop act.
The controlling issue in both Waranica and LaGuire v Kain, 185 Mich App 239; 460 NW2d 598 *707 (1990), the pre-Administrative Order No. 1990-6 case upon which the majority relies, was whether subsection (4) or subsection (10) of MCL 436.22; MSA 18.993 governs the determination of who is precluded from maintaining an action against a dramshop. Compare Waranica, p 403, with LaGuire, p 245. Waranica established that subsection (4) controls, and not subsection (10), as the LaGuire panel decided. This is no more "dicta" than the LaGuire holding which the majority prefers to follow.
While the majority may not agree with Waranica, in my view it is binding on this panel under Administrative Order No. 1990-6. Thus, to the extent that the majority opinion has chosen to rely on LaGuire and to subvert the conflict resolution procedure set forth in Administrative Order No. 1990-6, I dissent.
NOTES
[*] Former Court of Appeals judge, sitting on the Court of Appeals by assignment.