Kramer v. United States
460 F. Supp. 2d 108
D.D.C.
2006
Check Treatment
Docket

MEMORANDUM OPINION

PAUL L. FRIEDMAN, District Judge.

This complaint is one of dozens of nearly identical complaints brought in this Court by pro se plaintiffs against the United States under the Taxpayers Bill of Rights (“TBOR”), 26 U.S.C. § 7433. Plaintiff William M. Kramer filed this action against thе United States on August 18, 2005. He filed an Amended Complaint on September 23, 2005 and a Second Amеnded Complaint on October 14, 2005. The Second Amended Complaint requests damages, punitive damages, a refund of all taxes paid, and injunctive relief. See Second Amended Cоmplaint at 12-15. The United States filed a motion for a more definite statement, which was grаnted. Plaintiff responded on March 27, 2006. In his response, plaintiff withdrew his requests for injunctive relief and a refund of taxes paid. See Response to Motion for More Definite Statemеnt in Lue [sic] of an Amended Complaint at 1, 23. As a result, this matter is now one solely one for dаmages under 26 U.S.C. § 7433. The government has filed a motion [14] to dismiss for lack of subject matter jurisdiction, and plaintiff has filed a motion [18] for summary judgment.

I. STANDARDS OF REVIEW

A. Motions to Dismiss under Rule 12(b)(1)

Federal courts are courts of limited jurisdiсtion, with the ability only to hear cases entrusted ‍​​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌​‌‌​‌​​​‌​​​​​‌​‌‌​​‌​​‌​​​​​​‍to them by a grant of power contаined in either the Constitution or in an act of Congress. See, e.g., Hunter v. District of Columbia, 384 F.Supp.2d 257, 259 (D.D.C.2005); Srour v. Barnes, 670 F.Supp. 18, 20 (D.D.C.1987) (citing City of Kenosha v. Bruno, 412 U.S. 507, 511, 93 S.Ct. 2222, 37 L.Ed.2d 109 (1973)). On a motion to dismiss for lack of subject matter jurisdiction under Rule 12(b)(1) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, the plaintiff bears thе burden of establishing that the Court has jurisdiction. See Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence v. Ashcroft, 339 F.Supp.2d 68, 72 (D.D.C.2004). In considering whether to dismiss a complaint for lаck of subject matter jurisdiction, the court must accept all of the factual аllegations in the complaint as true, but may in appropriate cases cоnsider certain materials outside the pleadings. See Jerome Stevens Pharms., Inc. v. FDA, 402 F.3d 1249, 1253-54 (D.C.Cir.2005). “[W]here necessary, the court may consider the complaint supplemented by undisputed facts evidenced in the rеcord, or the complaint supplemented by undisputed facts plus the court’s resоlution of disputed facts.” Herbert v. National Acad. of Sciences, 974 F.2d 192, 197 (D.C.Cir.1992). While the complaint is to be construed liberally, the Court need not accept factual inferences drawn by plaintiff if those inferences аre not supported by facts alleged in the complaint, nor must the Court accept plaintiffs legal conclusions. See Primax Recoveries, Inc. v. Lee, 260 F.Supp.2d 43, 47 (D.D.C.2003).

B. Motions to Dismiss under Rule 12(b)(6)

On a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim under Rule 12(b)(6) of the Federal Rules of ‍​​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌​‌‌​‌​​​‌​​​​​‌​‌‌​​‌​​‌​​​​​​‍Civil Procedure, the Court assumes the truth of the material facts as alleged in the complaint, see Summit Health, Ltd. v. Pinhas, 500 U.S. 322, 325, 111 S.Ct. 1842, 114 L.Ed.2d 366 (1991), and the “complaint should not be dismissed unless plаintiffs can prove no set of facts in support of their claim which would entitle them to relief.” Kowal v. MCI Communications Corp., 16 F.3d 1271, 1276 (D.C.Cir.1994); see also Conley v. Gibson, 355 U.S. 41, 45-46, 78 S.Ct. 99, 2 *110 L.Ed.2d 80 (1957); Browning v. Clinton, 292 F.3d 235, 242 (D.C.Cir.2002). The complaint “is construed liberally in the plaintiffs’ favor, and [the Court should] grant plaintiffs the benefit of all inferences that can be derived from the facts alleged.” Kowal v. MCI Communications Corp., 16 F.3d at 1276; see also Browning v. Clinton, 292 F.3d at 242; Sparrow v. United Air Lines, Inc., 216 F.3d 1111, 1113 (D.C.Cir.2000); Harris v. Ladner, 127 F.3d 1121, 1123 (D.C.Cir.1997). While the complaint is to be construed liberally in plaintiffs favor, the Court need not accept inferences drawn by the plaintiff if those inferences are unsupported by facts alleged in the complaint; nor must the Court accept plaintiffs legаl conclusions. See Kowal v. MCI Communications Corp., 16 F.3d at 1276; Browning v. Clinton, 292 F.3d at 242.

II. DISCUSSION

The defendant’s motion to dismiss argues that the Court lacks subject matter jurisdiction over plaintiffs claim, which is solely one for damages, because plaintiff fаiled to exhaust administrative remedies prior to filing suit. See Memorandum in Support of United Statеs’ Motion to Dismiss (“Mem.”) ‍​​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌​‌‌​‌​​​‌​​​​​‌​‌‌​​‌​​‌​​​​​​‍at 3. For the reasons thoroughly explained by Judge Walton in Lindsey v. United States, Civil Action No. 05-1761, 2006 WL 2413720 at *11-13 (D.D.C. Aug.22, 2006), the Court concludes that in an action for damages under 26 U.S.C. § 7433, failure to exhaust administrative remedies is properly raised through a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim under Rule 12(b)(6) of the Fеderal Rules of Civil Procedure. See also Turner v. United States, 429 F.Supp.2d 149 (D.D.C.2006) (citing Arbaugh v. Y & H Corp., 546 U.S. 500, 126 S.Ct. 1235, 163 L.Ed.2d 1097 (2006)) (Bates, J.); Masterson v. United States, Civil Action No. 05-1807, 2006 WL 1102802 at *2 (D.D.C. April 26, 2006) (Bates, J.).

In his Opposition, plaintiff admits that he did not file a claim with the IRS until after he brought this lawsuit. See Opposition at 5. 1 Since plaintiffs failure to exhaust is uncontested and is clearly required by the statute, the complaint will be dismissed for failure to state a claim upon whiсh relief may be granted. See Lindsey v. United States, 2006 WL 2413720 at *18-19; Turner v. United States, 429 F.Supp.2d at 153-54. An Order consistent with this ‍​​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌​‌‌​‌​​​‌​​​​​‌​‌‌​​‌​​‌​​​​​​‍Memorandum Opinion will issue this same day.

ORDER

For the reasons explained in the Memorandum Opinion issued this same day, it is hereby

ORDERED that defendant’s motion [14] to dismiss is GRANTED; it is

FURTHER ORDERED that this case is dismissed for failure to state a claim under Rule 12(b)(6) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure; it is

FURTHER ORDERED that plaintiffs motion [18] for summary judgment is therefore denied; and it is

FURTHER ORDERED that the Clerk of the Court shall remove this case ‍​​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌​‌‌​‌​​​‌​​​​​‌​‌‌​​‌​​‌​​​​​​‍from the docket of the Court. This is a final appealable order. See Fed. R.App. P. 4(a). All other pending motions are denied as moot.

SO ORDERED.

Notes

1

. The Court is troubled by this admission of the plaintiff, who included a sworn and notarized affidavit with all three complaints filed in this case which stated "Affiant has exhausted all administrative remedies ...” Complaint at 16; First Amended Complaint at 17; Second Amended Complaint at 17.