33 Cal. 401 | Cal. | 1867
This action was brought in the County Court of the City and County of San Francisco, under the Act concerning forcible entries and unlawful detainers. The plaintiffs leased to the defendants, Gluck and Hansen, the basement of the premises at the corner of Sutter and Kearny streets, San Francisco, consisting of twenty feet on Kearny street and fifty-seven feet on Sutter street, for the term of one year, commencing the 1st of February, 1866. Subsequent to the date of the lease, and on the day of the commencement of the term, the same defendants covenanted and agreed with the plaintiff, Kower, to assign and transfer to him the leasehold granted to them whenever the consideration therefor should be rendered; and subsequently, on the 16th of April in the same year, they acknowledged the receipt of the consideration and made the assignment in pursuance of their covenant to do so ; and at the same time the plaintiffs and defendants, Gluck and Hansen, executed an instrument in writing declaring the lease cancelled and annulled; and the former released the latter from all future liabilities upon and under the lease. At the time of the assignment, transfer and surrender of the lease, the defendant Fricker was in possession of the premises as the under-tenant of Gluck and Hansen. Fricker continued in possession, and being in possession on the 23d of May, the plaintiffs caused a notice directed to each of the defendants by name, to be served on the defendants, Gluck and Hansen, demanding a surrender of the possession of the premises. Before then the
The cause being tried without the aid of a jury, the Court found the execution of the lease as alleged; the entry of Fricker as the under-tenant of Gluck and Hansen; the cancellation and surrender of the lease as above stated; the detention of the premises by the defendants down to the date of the trial, and also that the demised premises were of the rental value of one hundred dollars a month, from the 16th of April to the time of the trial, which was on the 30th of July, 1866, and that by reason of such withholding and unlawful detention the plaintiffs were deprived of the use and enjoyment of the premises adjoining the demised premises, which belonged to them, to iheir damage in the sum of one hundred dollars a month; and the Court further found that the plaintiffs were entitled to recover as rents for the demised premises, during the period of the unlawful detention of the same, three hundred and forty-six dollars, and for damages for such detention, the further sum of three hundred and forty-six dollars, which sums, amounting to six hundred and ninety-two dollars, it was ordered and adjudged, should be trebled, making the amount two thousand and seventy-six dollars; and thereupon judgment was
The technical relation of landlord and tenant was created by the lease executed between the plaintiffs of the one part and Gluck and Hansen of the other part, and the entry of the latter upon the term granted. That relation was not dissolved by the execution, on the 16th of April, 1866, of the papers intended as an assignment and release and cancellation of the lease. The execution of such papers was a step toward working a termination of the relation of landlord and tenant; but a surrender in fact of the demised premises was essential to the completion of a dissolution of that relation.
The term of the leasehold expired by the contract of the parties on the sixteenth of April, when the lessees were in law bound to surrender the possession to their lessors. Their possession after that date was a holding over of the lands and tenements demised contrary to their agreement, and therefore they were liable to be proceeded against under the Act concerning forcible entries and unlawful detainers. The plaintiffs demanded of their lessees a surrender of the premises. This was done in writing on the twenty-third of May. The defendants disregarded the demand, and as a consequence must, under the statute, be deemed to have been guilty of an unlawful detainer of the premises, dating from the time they received the written demand. (Laws 1863, p. 653, Secs. 3 and 4; Hunt v. Comstock, 15 Wend. 665.)
The plaintiffs were permitted to prove, upon the trial, the
The plaintiffs were entitled to judgment for restitution of the premises, and a judgment for three times the amount of the damages which they sustained by the unlawful detainer. The measure of damage in such case may be the actual value of the use and occupation of the premises while unlawfully detained. So far as we are advised by the record, such must be deemed the measure of damage in this case. Whether . the order requiring the plaintiffs to release so much of the judgment for damages as exceeded the sum of five hundred and twenty dollars or that a new trial be granted, was founded in the rule above suggested as to damages or not, is not entirely clear, though we suspect it was. However this may be, upon a new trial the Court will be able to award damages as required by the law applicable to the case which shall be made by the evidence.
The order granting a new trial had the effect to vacate the judgment from which the defendants appealed, and hence their appeal is inconsequential and must be dismissed. The order granting a new trial must be affirmed. The parties respectively must pay their own costs. It is therefore ordered that the appeal of defendants be dismissed, and that the order granting a new trial be affirmed, and further that the parties respectively pay their own costs.