KOREY RABION v. WENDY KELLEY, DIRECTOR, ARKANSAS DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTION
No. CV-20-177
SUPREME COURT OF ARKANSAS
November 19, 2020
2020 Ark. 375
Opinion Delivered: November 19, 2020. PRO SE APPEAL FROM THE LINCOLN COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT [NO. 40CV-20-13]. HONORABLE JODI RAINES DENNIS, JUDGE. AFFIRMED.
Appellant Korey Rabion appeals the denial of his pro se petition for writ of habeas corpus filed in the county where he is incarcerated pursuant to
I. Background
A jury convicted Rabion of two counts of negligent homicide, leaving the scene of an accident involving injury or death, driving on a suspended license, and a third offense of driving while intoxicated. Rabion was sentenced as a habitual offender to 480 months’ imprisonment for each count of negligent homicide, 180 months’ imprisonment for leaving the scene of an accident, two days’ imprisonment in the county jail for driving on a suspended license, and one day‘s imprisonment in the county jail for driving while intoxicated. The sentences for negligent homicide and leaving the scene of an accident were imposed to run consecutively, while the sentences for the two misdemeanors, driving with a suspended license and driving while intoxicated, were
II. Grounds for Issuance of the Writ
A writ of habeas corpus is proper when a judgment and commitment order is invalid on its face or when a trial court lacked jurisdiction over the cause. Foreman v. State, 2019 Ark. 108, 571 S.W.3d 484. Jurisdiction is the power of the court to hear and determine the subject matter in controversy. Baker v. Norris, 369 Ark. 405, 255 S.W.3d 466 (2007). When the trial court has personal jurisdiction over the appellant and also has jurisdiction over the subject matter, the court has authority to render the judgment. Johnson v. State, 298 Ark. 479, 769 S.W.2d 3 (1989).
Under our statute, a petitioner who files a writ and does not allege his or her actual innocence and proceed under Act 1780 of 2001, codified at
III. Standard of Review
A circuit court‘s decision on a petition for writ of habeas corpus will be upheld unless it is clearly erroneous. Hobbs v. Gordon, 2014 Ark. 225, 434 S.W.3d 364. A decision is clearly erroneous
IV. Claims for Relief
In his petition filed in the circuit court, Rabion raised the following allegations, which he reasserts on appeal: (1) the pretrial proceedings violated his right to due process and equal protection in that he was arrested without a warrant; (2) he was unlawfully detained after his arrest before his plea and arraignment; (3) the information was defective; and (4) he was not provided with sufficient notice of the nature of the charges against him. Rabion further alleges a violation of double jeopardy with respect to his convictions for manslaughter and driving while intoxicated and that the sentence for a third offense of driving while intoxicated was illegal.1 The circuit court found that Rabion‘s allegations did not establish probable cause for issuance of the writ.
Rabion‘s due-process and equal-protection claims are not cognizable in habeas proceedings. Assertions of trial error and due-process claims do not implicate the facial validity of the judgment or the jurisdiction of the trial court because the writ will not issue to correct errors or irregularities that occurred at trial. Jackson v. Kelley, 2020 Ark. 255, 602 S.W.3d 743. Specifically, a defendant, after having been fairly tried and found guilty in a court of competent jurisdiction, is not entitled to habeas relief on the basis of some flaw in the manner of his arrest. Grimes v. State, 2018 Ark. 407, 562 S.W.3d 215. Likewise, allegations challenging the conditions of pretrial detention do not call into question the jurisdiction of the trial court or the legality of the sentence and are not cognizable in habeas proceedings. Parker v. Hobbs, 2013 Ark. 309 (per curiam). Moreover, an allegation of a
Rabion further alleges that his convictions for negligent homicide and driving while intoxicated violated the prohibition against double jeopardy. In support of this argument, Rabion cites Tallant v. State, 42 Ark. App. 150, 856 S.W.2d 24 (1993), wherein the court of appeals agreed with the State‘s concession that the trial court erred by failing to dismiss a driving-while-intoxicated conviction when the defendant had also been found guilty of negligent homicide. The court found that “both convictions cannot stand.” Id. (citing Ballew v. State, 298 Ark. 175, 766 S.W.2d 14 (1989)). As a result of the error recognized by the court in Tallant, the conviction of driving while intoxicated was set aside because it was the less serious offense. Id. (citing Wilson v. State, 277 Ark. 219, 640 S.W.2d 440 (1982)). Therefore, Rabion‘s double-jeopardy claim affects only his sentence for driving while intoxicated and not the greater offense of negligent homicide. Detention for an illegal period of time is precisely what a writ of habeas corpus is designed to correct. Taylor v. State, 354 Ark. 450, 125 S.W.3d 174 (2003). Here, Rabion‘s one-day jail sentence in the county jail for driving while intoxicated has expired, and Rabion is not currently being detained for that conviction.
It is the duty of this court to decide controversies that can be carried into effect and not to give opinions upon principles of law that cannot affect the matter in issue. Ex parte Rubly, 222 Ark. 423, 261 S.W.2d 4 (1953). Once a petitioner is released from the restrictions of a conviction, the issue is moot and the petition for writ of habeas corpus is properly denied. Id. In sum, habeas relief
Affirmed.
HART, J., concurs.
JOSEPHINE LINKER HART, Justice, concurring. As I have stated before, the majority‘s conception of habeas corpus is too narrow. See Stephenson v. Kelley, 2018 Ark. 143, 544 S.W.3d 44 (Hart, J., dissenting). However, I agree that Rabion is not entitled to issuance of the writ since he is no longer being detained pursuant to his conviction for driving while intoxicated.
I concur.
Korey Rabion, pro se appellant.
Leslie Rutledge, Att‘y Gen., by: Christian Harris, Ass‘t Att‘y Gen., for appellee.