104 Neb. 610 | Neb. | 1920
The plaintiff recovered in this action upon an alleged parol contract to insure her household goods and piano, and the defendant appeals. She claims the contract in question was entered into in April, 1916, hy the Fidelity Underwriters of New York, through J. M, Guile and Henry F. Guile, its agents in Lincoln, Nebraska. In August, 1916, the defendant took over the business and assumed the liabilities of the Fidelity Underwriters, and the Guiles thereafter became the defendant’s agents.'
The plaintiff’s petition sets forth that in the spring of 1916, in consideration of a premium of about $21, the exact amount of which she does not remember, hut which she promised to pay, the defendant insured the piano in the sum of $400, and the household goods in the sum of $400, against loss by fire for the period of five years,
The defendant, in its answer, denied that any contract to insure the property, or to issue a policy thereon, had been entered into as alleged, or that any request had been made of it to make the insurance cover the projterty after its removal to Platte county; admitted receiving the $10 payment, but alleged that it was paid upon a policy of insurance which it was carrying upon a dwelling-house belonging to the plaintiff in Lincoln.
The proof offered by the plaintiff to substantiate the contract consisted of the testimony of her husband that in April, 1916, he went to the office of the Guile agency and told ITenry F. Guile that he wanted to insure the property in the sum of $400 on household goods and $400 on the piano; that Guile made out a list of the household goods, and that he told Guile to write the insurance; that the premium, the exact amount of which the witness could not recollect, was mentioned, but nothing was said obout paying it. He stated that Guile asked him if he could write the policy, and that the witness told him he could. The witness further testified that no other communication took place between the plaintiff and the Guile agency until November 30, 1917, when the witness came to Lincoln, and, as he stated, met Henry F. Guile, and remarked to him that he had not paid’the insurance premium and that he would pay it; that Guile then asked him if he had the policy, and the witness replied that it had never been' sent to him;
It appears from the record that, while the plaintiff was residing in Lincoln in 1912, she took out a policy of $600 on her piano and household goods in the Fidelity Underwriters of New York through the Guile agency. That policy expired in September, 1915, and a new policy for $800 was issued on the same property, which,-«however, was lost and never delivered to the plaintiff, the company obtaining from her a “lost policy voucher,” releasing it from liability thereunder. The plaintiff moved to Platte county in April, 1917.
Henry F. Guile denied that his agency had issued, or entered into any agreement to issue, a policy on the property in question after the cancelation of the policy issued in September, 1915. He admitted that he met and talked with Kor on November 30, 1917, and that he collected $10 from him at that time. He stated, however, that this was paid upon a premium due upon insurance covering the plaintiff’s house in Lincoln, which his agency was carrying. Guile further testified that, after the plaintiff removed to Platte county j her husband at one time requested him to insure the property there, but that he stated that he was not authorized to do so'. He denied that anything was said on that subject during the interview November 30,1917, or that Kor ever talked with him about transferring the insurance to cover the property in Platte county.
The defendant contends that the evidence is insufficient to establish the alleged oral contract of insurance in April, 1916. An oral agreement to insure must be
With regard to the premium, the plaintiff’s husband testified that in his conversation with Henry F. Guile the amount of the premium — about $21 — was mentioned, but nothing was said about- paying it. In September, 1915, however, the Guile agency wrote a policy for $800 in the Fidelity Underwriters on the identical property, which was afterwards canceled. The premium upon this policy was $20 for the term of five years. It appeared, furthermore, that in August, 1915, a policy in the same company had been issued upon the plaintiff’s dwelling-house in Lincoln, the premium upon which was still unpaid in November, 1917, when, according to the testimony of Henry F. Guile, the plaintiff paid him $10 to apply upon it. It is the rule that -previous dealings between the parties may be looked to in determining whether a cash payment or credit was intended, and
The testimony upon which the plaintiff relies to establish the terms of the alleged contract is silent as to the duration of the risk; it is not stated that the agent Guile agreed to write it for five years or for any other definite term. In spite of the absence of specific testimony upon that point, the alleged contract of insurance might be enforced, if the intention of the parties as to the duration of the risk could be gathered from the circumstances in evidence. Concordia Fire Ins. Co. v. Heffron, 84 Ill. App. 610; Home Ins. Co. v. Adler, supra. The only circumstance that could throw light upon the matter is the fact that the policy issued in September, 1915, and later canceled, was for five years, and that the premium thereon was approximately the same as the amount of premium which the plaintiff’s husband testified was mentioned in the conversation in April, 1916. There was no testimony, however, that reference was made to the previous policy during that conversation, or that anything was said to the effect that the contract which they were then discussing should be upon the same terms as the canceled policy.
The conversation upon which plaintiff relies to establish the alleged parol contract occurred in April, 1916, while the property was destroyed by fire in December, 1917. According to the plaintiff’s own evidence; she made no demand for the policy which she claimed the
Another element of the plaintiff’s case was the effect of the removal of the insured property to Platte county upon her rights under the alleged contract of insurance. The plaintiff, in her petition, alleged that the insurance company agreed to issue its usual form of policy in conformity with the parol contract*. ' The policy probably would have contained an express provision relative to the location of the property and invalidating the insurance in case of removal without the insurer’s consent. But no such stipulation of the company’s ordinary form of policy was pleaded or offered in eyidence. The plaintiff, however, by pleading that in November, 1917, she gave notice of the removal and requested that the insurance be made to cover the property in Platte county, conceded that it wars necessary to her right to recover to show, either that the defendant consented that the insurance should cover the property in its new location, or that, by its conduct after receiving notice of its removal, the defendant waived its right to claim a forfeiture of the insurance on that ground.
That such right of forfeiture may be waived by the duly authorized agent of the insurer is well established. Burlington Ins. Co. v. Campbell & Talbot, 42 Neb. 208. It is not indispensable to recovery for the loss of goods insured after their removal to a different place that consent should have been first obtained for the removal; subsequent ratification and consent by the insurer, with knowledge of the facts, is equivalent to precedent consent. Williamsburg City Fire Ins. Co. v. Cary, 83 Ill. 453.
The only question with regard to the alleged waiver is whether it was within the scope of Guile’s authority as agent to bind the defendant by consenting to the trans-' fer, and whether notice to him was notice to the defendant. The principal is bound by the acts of his agent within the apparent scope of the agent’s authority. Guile was agent with authority to issue policies of insurance. He testified that, in case the policy had been issued by him in Lincoln and the insured moved to another city or town, he was authorized to transfer the insurance, but not in case the insured removed to a farm. It was not shown that this restriction upon his authority ever had been brought to the knowledge of the plaintiff. Guile testified that, on one occasion when the plaintiff’s husband spoke to him about insurance, he told him he was' not authorized to write insurance in Platte county, but not that he could not transfer insurance already written. So far as appeared to the plaintiff or her agent, Guile was authorized to transfer the insurance.
In the instructions given by the trial court appears the following: “If the evidence satisfies you that the agent of defendant, or of said Fidelity Underwriters, received said $10 payment upon the understanding that it was in part payment for insurance upon said goods and piano.in Platte county, the plaintiff will be entitled to recover from the defendant. On the other hand, if you believe from the evidence that said $10 payment was for credit on the real estate policy, then the plaintiff would not be entitled to recover in this action.”
The principal issues in the case were: First, whether the insurance contract was made in April, 1916, as alleged; and, second, whether, in the event the evidence was sufficient to establish the contract, the defendant agreed to transfer the insurance to cover the property in Platte county. The alleged payment in November, 1917, had a bearing upon these issues, but was not conclusive of them. In directing the jury to base their verdict upon their finding upon the question of the premium payment alone, the instruction was erroneous, and upon a retrial should not be given.
Because of the deficiency of proof to establish the alleged contract, as -well as for error in the instruction referred to, we recommend that the judgment be reversed and the cause remanded for further proceedings.
Per Curiam. For the reasons stated in the foregoing opinion, the judgment of the district court is reversed and the cause remanded for further proceedings, and this opinion is adopted by and made the opinion of the court.
Reversed.