6 Pa. Super. 445 | Pa. Super. Ct. | 1898
Opinion by
The plaintiff is the owner of two lots of ground on Palethorp street in the city of Philadelphia, and the defendant is the owner of a lot on Second street abutting on the plaintiff’s lots. Both these properties were originally owned by John McNulty. The plaintiff acquired her title in 1884 from the purchaser at sheriff’s sale under a judgment on a mortgage given by John Mc-Nulty in 1879. The defendant acquired his by deed from the heirs of- John McNulty in May, 1891.
In 1874 or 1875, Mr. McNulty built two houses on the Palethorp street lots, and from that time until the commission of the trespass for which this suit was brought, they were supplied with water carried by a pipe from, the main on Second street through the lot now owned by the defendant. For the same period the drainage from the roofs and water closets of the Palethorp street houses was conducted into a well on the same, and thence into a larger well, separated only by a wall, on the defendant’s lot, which was connected with the sewer on Second street by a terra cotta pipe. It is alleged that there is no water main or sewer on Palethorp street.
In May, 1896, the defendant shut off the flow of water to the plaintiff’s premises, and also stopped the drain therefrom by filling up the well upon his own premises. Hence this suit.
At the conclusion of the testimony the trial judge instructed the jury as follows : “ The only question in this case is a question of law. That question is as to whether or not, under the evidence which has been adduced, the plaintiff has established her right to the easement, for the interference with which she now claims to be damaged. I will reserve that question, and with that point reserved, I direct you to find a verdict in favor of the plaintiff for the sum of $104, the sum agreed on by the parties.” Subsequently the court entered judgment for the defendant non obstante veredicto. No opinion was filed.
“ It is true that, strictly speaking, a man cannot subject one part of his property to another by an easement, for no man can have an easement in his own property, but he obtains the same object by the exercise of another right, the general right of property; but he has not the less thereby altered the quality of the two parts of his heritage; and if, after the annexation of peculiar qualities, he alien one part of his heritage, it seems but reasonable, if the alterations thus made are palpable and manifest, that a purchaser should take the land burthened or benefited, as the case may be, by the qualities which the previous owner had undoubtedly the right to attach to it: ” Gale’s Law of Easements, 52. This doctrine as to implied easements, not of strict necessity, has also been stated in this way: “ Yet where an owner of property has so used one portion of it that he has impressed upon it in favor of another portion what would be, were the portions in different ownerships, a servitude, then upon a conveyance of the former portion an easement will be granted to the vendee, where the use has been of such character that an easement resulting from it would be of the class known as continuous and apparent:” 4 Sharswood and Budd’s Leading Cases on Real Property, 133, 134. A distinction has been drawn in the modern English cases between an implied grant and an implied l-eservation, but the general principle as above stated, as far at least as it relates to the implication of a grant, is too well settled by authority to require discussion. In one of the recent decisions of our Supreme Court it is said: “ The law on this subject is settled beyond question. Where an owner of land subjects part of it to an open, visible, permanent, and continuous service or easement in favor of another part, and then aliens either, the purchaser takes subject to the burden or the benefit as the case may be. This is the general rule founded on the principle that a man shall not derogate from his own grant. The rule is stated in Gale on Easements
An examination of the evidence, in the light of these general principles, shows, that the question whether the plaintiff had an easement of drain and water pipe, or of either, in the defendant’s premises could not be reserved and decided as a pure question of law.
Whether an easement is apparent and continuous or non-apparent and noncontinuous involves questions of fact resting in parol, which, under the evidence in the present case, were for the jury to decide under proper instructions as to the law. Where the essential facts have not been found by a jury, or agreed upon by the parties, and are in dispute, as in the present case, the court cannot reserve to itself the power to decide then. .For example, there is some evidence tending to show, that, owing to the fact that there is no water drain or sewer on Palethorp street, the easement claimed was necessary, or, at least, greatly convenient to the reasonable enjoyment of the dominant tenement. If this be the fact it would have an important bearing (even if it were not conclusive) upon the intention of the owner in connecting the Palethorp street houses with the drain and sewer on Second street. See Phillips v. Phillips, supra. Again it is alleged by the plaintiff, — we do not assume to say it is the fact, — that, not only might the drainage connection between the dominant and the servient tenements have been seen by any one inspecting the latter, but also that the defendant had actual knowledge before he purchased the Second street property that the Palethorp street houses were supplied with water, and drained, in the way described. What is the fact ? It has not been found by the jury, and has not been put on the record in the reserved point. We need not go further into the evidence for the purpose of pointing out other questions of fact which arose, or might arise in such a cas;e. We have referred to these simply for illustration, and enough has been said to show, that the question, whether the plaintiff, under the “ evidence adduced,” (which must mean'
Where a point of law is reserved the facts out of which it arose must be stated on the record; the court cannot draw inferences of fact from the evidence. It must be a pure question of law — such as rules the case — not a mixed question of law and fact. A question has been' raised as to the propriety of reserving the question “ whether there is any evidence in the case to be submitted to the jury upon which the plaintiff is entitled to recover ” (Chandler v. Commerce Fire Ins. Co., 88 Pa. 223; Koons v. Tel. Co., 102 Pa. 164; Newhard v. R. R. Co., 153 Pa. 417; Yerkes v. Richards, 170 Pa. 346), but all the authorities, from Edmonson v. Nichols, 22 Pa. 74, to Yerkes v. Richards, supra, uniformly hold, that a verdict for a certain sum, subject to the opinion of the court whether upon the whole case the plaintiff is entitled to recover, does not authorize a judgment for the defendant non obstante veredicto; the facts must be admitted of record or found by the jury: Irwin v. Wickersham, 25 Pa. 316; Wilson v. The Tuscarora, 25 Pa. 317; Winchester v. Bennett, 54 Pa. 510; Wilde v. Trainor, 59 Pa. 439: Ferguson v. Wright, 61 Pa. 258; Campbell v. O’Neill, 64 Pa. 290 — a case directly in point — Com. v. McDowell, 86 Pa. 377; Miller v. Bedford, 86 Pa. 454; Printing Co. v. Rice, 106 Pa. 623; Buckley v. Duff, 111 Pa. 223; Henry v. Heilman, 114 Pa. 499; Moore v. Copley, 165 Pa. 294; Shelly v. Dampman, 1 Pa. Superior Ct. 115; Ginther v. Yorkville, 3 Pa. Superior Ct. 403.
In any view of the case the judgment non obstante veredicto must be reversed ; but whether we ought now to enter judgment for the plaintiff on the verdict or to send the case back for a retrial is a question of practice not free from difficult}'. Without, however, undertaking to lay down a general rule upon the subject we are of opinion that under the special circumstances of the case it should be treated as an improper reservation and not as an absolute nullity, and that, following Bank v. Earley, 115 Pa. 359, the case should be sent back for a retrial, in order that the facts may be found by a jury, or distinctly put on the record in some other recognized way. See also Wilde v. Trainor, 59 Pa. 439.
Judgment reversed and venire facías de novo awarded.