92 Mo. App. 279 | Mo. Ct. App. | 1902
This proceeding is a bill in equity to annul a taxbill issued against plaintiff’s property in tbe city of Sedalia on account of paving a street on wbicb plaintiff’s property abuts. The judgment in the trial court was for defendant. The paving was ordered and contracted for by the city council under the provisions of section 110, page 92, of the Laws of 1893. It is provided by that section that when the council shall deem it necessary to pave or otherwise improve a street within the limits of the city, for which a special taxbill is to be levied, “the council shall by resolution declare said work or improvement necessary to be done, and cause such resolution to' be published in some newspaper published in the city for two consecutive weeks; and if a majority of the resident owners of the property liable to taxation therefor shall not within ten days thereafter file with the clerk of the city their protest against such improvements, then the council shall have power to cause such improvement to be made, and to contract therefor and to levy the taxes as herein provided.”
In this case a resolution was passed and published as provided, whereupon, within ten days thereafter, a majority of the resident owners of property liable to be taxed, filed with the city clerk their protest and remonstrance against the improvement. Afterwards, but within ten days of the publication aforesaid, a sufficient number of those signing and filing the remonstrance withdrew therefrom to reduce the number remaining below a majority. The question is, was such withdrawal effective so as to continue the power and jurisdiction with the council to contract for the improvement ? In other -words, could those parties -after having filed their remonstrance with the city clerk, withdraw therefrom? It is not contended that they could do so after the expiration of ten days, but it is strongly insisted that within that period, they may. We have not been cited to a case presenting the exact question. It has been held in a number of cases that
On the other hand, in construing statutes very similar to ours, it has been held that where a certain remonstrance ousts jurisdiction, a withdrawal from the remonstrance after it is presented, though before final action is taken, will not recon-fer jurisdiction. Brewery v. Jersey City, 42 N. J. L. 575; Armstrong v. Ogden City, 12 Utah 476; Vanderbeck v. Jersey City, 44 N. J. L. 626; Roebling v. Trenton, 58 N. J. L. 40; City Imp. Co. v. Babcock, 123 Cal. 205. In the first case it was said: . . The next contention on the part of the city is that, although such a remonstrance was presented, yet afterwards, some of those remonstrating changed their minds, withdrew their opposition, and erased their names from the paper. It is insisted that thus all difficulty was removed, and the board of public works were not thereafter prohibited from proceeding with the improvement. The evidence shows that the erasures were made several days after the day fixed for the hearing. No adjournment of the pro
“Under such circumstances, I have no hesitation in concluding that the board had no power to proceed to make this contract. The section above referred to expressly forbids it, if, on the day fixed for hearing a sufficient remonstrance is presented. The board of public works was thereby totally deprived of power to proceed. No power could be subsequently acquired in that proceeding. A new proceeding might be initiated, and after due notice, new power could be obtained. The parties interested were entitled to notice of any action affecting their interests. It may be that others who desired to object refrained from doing so, upon ascertaining that a sufficient remonstrance was already filed.”
In each of the New Jersey cases just cited those remonstrating attempted to withdraw from the remonstrance after the time limited for their protest. But the court did not put its decision on that ground. The language is general, that after the requisite protest is once filed, jurisdiction is ousted. In the Vanderbeck case the court said: “The single question presented is -whether under the charter of Jersey City, that corporation, after a remonstrance signed by owners of more than half the property liable to assessment for a public improvement like that in controversy, can, by subsequent withdrawal of the names. of some of the remonstrants, get jurisdiction to proceed with the improvement. The question is not an open one in this court, for in the case of Jersey City Brewing Co. v. Jersey City, 13 Vroom, 515, under a state of facts almost identical with those before us now it was held that under the twenty-fourth section of the supplement to the Jersey City charter, passed in 1813, a remonstrance so filed, ousted the city of jurisdiction to proceed with the work, and that it could not-be restored by the subsequent withdrawal of names therefrom to reduce it below the one-half representation.” In the Eoebling case it is broadly
So it bas been held in a proceeding to open a public road, tbat where jurisdiction bas once been conferred by petition, notice and bond for costs, a subsequent withdrawal of a portion of tbe petitioners reducing tbe number below tbat required, will not withdraw jurisdiction in tbe commissioners to proceed. Grinnell v. Adams, 34 Ohio St. 44. And tbe Supreme Court of Iowa bas gone so far as to bold tbat a petitioner for an election to remove a county seat could not withdraw at tbe time tbe petition is presented to tbe board of supervisors and before any action is taken. Loomis v. Bailey, 45 Iowa 400.
Prom tbe foregoing cases, it seems clear tbat tbe question to settle in order to determine a given case is, at what time is jurisdiction conferred; or, at what time is jurisdiction withdrawn? Eor whenever jurisdiction is once conferred, it can not be withdrawn; and, if once withdrawn, it can not be conferred by tbe parties concerned, unless, of course, ’ tbe statute so authorizes. Thus it bas been held tbat tbe appointment of a defendant as consul of a foreign power will not withdraw jurisdiction from a suit pending in a State court. Koppel v. Heinrichs, 1 Barb. 449. And when a suit is instituted in a State court both parties being residents, one of them afterwards removing out of tbe State, is no reason for withdrawing jurisdiction of tbe State court by removal to the Federal court. Tapley v. Martin, 116 Mass. 275; Upton v. Railway, 25 N. J. Eq. 372; Mollan v. Torrence, 9 Wheat. 537. When at beginning of suit tbe sum sued for is large enough to vest jurisdiction in tbe court, it can not be withdrawn by subsequently reducing tbe sum. Cooke v. United States, 2 Wall. 218. And where proper application for re
It will be noticed that under tbe statute in question the city council has jurisdiction to order' tbe improvement, unless it is withdrawn by a certain number of property-owners. What then was meant by our statute in this respect may be the more clearly seen by omitting tbe word, “not,” and inserting at another place tbe word, “no,” and reading it thus (City Imp. Co. v. Babcock, 123 Cal. 205, 208). “And if a majority of the resident owners of tbe property liable to taxation therefor shall, within ten days thereafter, file with tbe clerk of tbe city their protest against such improvements, then tbe council shall have no power to cause such improvements to be made, or to contract therefor, or to levy tbe tax as herein provided.”
In this case, as we stated at tbe outset, a majority of the owners of property did file their remonstrance with the city clerk within the time limited. They therefore fully met the requirement of the statute, and manifestly, by that act, destroyed the jurisdiction of the council. Any other construction is liable to work serious harm, as may be illustrated. Keeping in mind that no petition is required by this statute to set the machinery for public improvement in motion, and that obstructive measures only are contemplated; suppose that there are fifty owners of property on the street to be improved, all of them against the improvement, and that twenty-six of them file their remonstrance, say on the eighth day, and that the remaining twenty-four intending to solicit and procure a sufficient remonstrance, go to the city clerk’s office and find that a majority have already duly filed their remonstrance, and thereby fulfilled their intention. Seeing that the terms and requirements of the law necess'ary to defeat the improvement have been fully complied with, they rely upon the condition as it then presents itself. But for the proper
"When the remonstrance is filed with the city clerk at any time within the ten days, the resolution of the council providing for the improvement is dead and can not be revived, except by a new proceeding. The ten-day limit prescribed by the act is a time given in which the property-owner may come to a conclusion and act upon it by filing his remonstrance. The statute has not given any time in which such owner may change his mind and withdraw from the remonstrance after it has been filed with the clerk. It has then become a part of the city records in the care and custody of the clerk and can not be subjected to a change or alteration with every change of notion of a signer.. When the requisite remonstrance is once completed and placed with the depository designated by the law, that proceeding is at an end.
That such is the proper construction of the statute would seem to be evidenced by the Legislature itself, for, at the same session at which this statute was enacted, another law was passed authorizing cities with special charters to construct street and other improvements in much the same way as is provided by the act we are now construing, and in which a right to withdraw from a remonstrance was specially reserved. The language used is the following: “If the remonstrance of the resident property-owners above mentioned shall be
We therefore hold that the remonstrance filed with the city clerk annulled the proceedings of the city council and rendered void all subsequent action.
In order to avoid the force of the foregoing statement that the council has jurisdiction in the premises which is withdrawn by the remonstrance provided for, plaintiff suggests that jurisdiction is conferred by the assent of a majority of the property-owners and that the remonstrance is the means adopted to ascertain if a majority do assent; their failure to remonstrate being taken as an affirmative granting of jurisdiction. It may be that the Legislature assumed that those failing to remonstrate against an improvement involving taxes, were in favor of it. But it is as plain as noonday that authority is given the council to begin the proceedings, and to carry them to termination unless, in the manner designated, such authority is arrested or withdrawn.
There are some analogous cases decided by the Supreme Court of Indiana in which occur expressions seemingly opposed to the view we have taken on the general right to withdraw. In State v. Gerhart, 145 Ind. 439, the statute regulating the sale of intoxicating liquors provided: “If, three days before any regular session of the board of commissioners of any county, a remonstrance in writing, signed by a major
We have endeavored to show that the phraseology of our statute is essentially different. Our statute contemplates that the remonstrance may be filed with the clerk on any day within ten days and when so filed the authority of the council is withdrawn.
In Sauntman v. Maxwell, 154 Ind. 114, the drainage statute provided for filing a petition for drainage in the clerk’s office (of the court having jurisdiction) signed by landowers, for giving notice, for docketing the cause after notice thereof, for the allowance of ten days after docketing in which landowners might object to the form of the petition and the competency of the drainage commissioners, and for a hearing of such objections at the end of the ten days: “Providing, that if at this stage of the proceedings two-thirds in number of the landowners named as such in such petition, resident in the county or counties where the lands affected are situated, shall remonstrate in writing against the construction of such drain or ditch, such petition shall be dismissed at the cost of the petitioner.” The point for decision was whether remonstrants might withdraw after the time allowed in which they might remonstrate, and it was held they could not, but the court remarked, as in the Gerhart case, that before that time they might. But it will be noticed the statute is unlike
But defendant contended at the argument that if the foregoing view be conceded to be correct, yet the council may not have relied on the withdrawal of remonstrants as giving it authority to proceed with the work, and may not have relied on the report of its committee; but that it may, by other means, not shown by the record, have ascertained the remonstrance before withdrawals therefrom did not contain a majority of the property-owners. The suggestions as presented in the brief are that: “There was no evidence (1) as to how many resident owners of property there were who were entitled to remonstrate, or (2) as to how many of them signed the remonstrance read in evidence, or (3) as to how many of them did not sign, or (4) as to the authority of agents who signed for their principals, to sign, or (5) as to the authority of officers of corporations to sign for the corporations, unless the report of the special committee be evidence of these facts.”
The record of the city council was introduced in evidence and, in relation to the paving in question, it shows that the council passed the preliminary resolution. declaring the paving necessary on the twenty-first day of May, 18 97: that publication of its adoption beginning on May 23, was had for two weeks, expiring on June 6, thus fixing the expiration of the time for remonstrance as June 16; that on June 14 a remonstrance was filed with the city clerk purporting to be signed by thirty-two resident property-owners abutting on the street; that on the next day, June 15, a written withdrawal
It .can not be supposed that proceedings for street improvement, which we know in many eases involve the power of eminent domain, and in all cases the power of taxation, can be carried on by a city council without a record of the proceedings in all essential particulars. So, therefore, it may be safely said that the record of the city council must show that the council had jurisdiction and authority to order the improvement and the issuance of the taxbills therefor. This has been the policy in this State as evidenced by the decisions of the Supreme Court in kindred cases. Zimmerman v. Snowden, 88 Mo. 218; Whitely v. Platte Co., 73 Mo. 30; Chicago Ry. Co. v. Young, 96 Mo. 39.
A remonstrance was laid before the council which had been filed with the city clerk in proper time. The withdrawal of five of the remonstrants was also placed before the council. The council referred the matter to a committee for investigation and report. That committee reported that there were sixty-one property-owners and that thirty-two had filed
It is said by defendant that the council, though adopting the finding of the committee as its own, has no authority to make a finding of facts as to the number of petitioners or remonstrants which will bind any one else. In the absence of statutory authority the action of the council can not bind the property-owner, but that does not say that its action will not bind itself and characterize the result of that action as void. If the record proceeding of such tribunals, exercising like power to that attempted here, shows upon its face that
The case was well presented by the respective counsel, both in oral argument and in briefs, and we have arrived at the conclusions above indicated after much consideration. With the concurrence of the other judges, the judgment will be reversed and the cause remanded with directions to enter decree for plaintiff.
