32 Colo. 5 | Colo. | 1903
delivered the opinion of the court.
This is an appeal from a judgment of the district court of Teller county which ordered the destruction
The wheel was unquestionably used for gambling purposes in violation of the statute. Assmussen claimed, and for the purposes of the present case it may be conceded as true, that he was not interested in the gambling, did not know that the wheel was
The statute under which the proceeding below was conducted is section 1343 Mills’ Ann. Stats., and reads:
“It shall be the duty of all sheriffs, coroners, constables, police officers of cities, and other officers charged with executing the laws of this state, whenever it shall' come to the knowledge of any such officer that any person has in his possession any-cards, tables, checks, balls, wheels or gambling devices of any nature or kind, used or kept for the purpose of gambling or playing at any game of chance; or that any cards, tables, checks, balls, wheels or gambling devices used or kept for the purposes aforesaid may be found in any place, to seize and take such cards, tables, checks, balls, wheels, or gambling devices, and convey the same before some judge or justice of the peace of the county in which the same may be found; and it shall be the duty of such judge or justice of the peace- to inquire of such witnesses as he shall summon to appear before him in that behalf, touching the nature of such gambling devices, and if such judge or justice shall .ascertain that the same are used or kept for the purpose of gambling or playing at any game or games of chance, it shall be his duty to destroy the same. # * * ”
It is not seriously contended that Kite has any grievance, if the statute is valid, but Assmussen’s
The only errors assigned are: First, that the court was Wrong in denying intervenor’s demand that the sheriff be directed to deliver the property to him; and, second, that the court erred in the admission of evidence concerning the use to which the roulette wheel might have been, or was, put by the appellant Kite, since it appeared that such use was unknown to Assmussen.
It is questionable whether these assignments constitute a compliance with our rules so as to entitle appellants to be heard, but, waiving that, the case may be readily disposed of upon the only two questions which have been argued by counsel for appellants in his.brief. It will be observed from the foregoing statement that no point is made that the statute does not provide for notice to the owner of the property seized and condemned; nor was any objection made below to the procedure adopted by the district court. Indeed, appellants made no objection whatever to the methods employed in mailing the statutory ascertainment, but, on the contrary, voluntarily appeared in response to the citation, without objection consented to the hearing before the judge, and made no demand for a jury. But the specific objections now urged are, first, that the foregoing statute is unconstitutional in that it violates section 25 of article 2 of our constitution, which provides that no person shall be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law in the respect that no provision for a jury trial is made; and, second, that, inasmuch as this wheel might have been used for some other purpose than for gambling, and the intervenor Assmussen, as the mortgagee, though
1. Since the defendant made no demand for a jury, but consented to a hearing by the judge, we might very properly hold that he cannot be heard here to say that he was deprived of the right to a jury trial. But there is a much more satisfactory way to decide the point. . The right of trial by jury does not apply to this proceeding. As was said in McInerney v. City of Denver, 17 Colo. 302, 313: “Though a particular offense may have been unknown to the common or statutory law before the adoption of our constitution, yet if it clearly belongs to a class of offenses that were theretofore not triable by jury, the constitutional guaranties relating to jury trials do not apply.” Under similar statutes in other states the doctrine has been firmly established that the proceeding provided for in the foregoing section is in rem, that it is summary, and the constitutional right to a jury trial does not exist.— Glennon v. Britton, 155 Ill. 232; Frost v. People, 193 Ill. 635; Oppenheimer v. Lalor, 73 N. Y. Supp. 948; Commercial Ins. Co. v. Scammon, 123 Ill. 601; Davidson v. New Orleans, 96 U. S. 97; Waple’s Pro. in Rem, §§23, 24, 65, 68, 72, 110, 140, 231, 238; Lawton v. Steele, 152 U. S. 133; State & Federal Control of Persons and Property, vol. 2, 826.
In Frost v. People, supra, page 639, speaking of a statute much like ours, the court said: “Trial by jury was never a right in summary proceedings, and the legislature did not violate the constitution by providing that gaming implements and apparatus should be destroyed, after a hearing, under the direction of the judge, justice or court.” This observation has our approval. • -
In the case from Maine, the supreme court of' that state, speaking by Emery, Judge, well says:
‘ ‘ Gambling apparatus and implements are treated by the statute as noxious per se, and they are ordered destroyed to remove a danger imminent from their very existence, not merely to punish the owner for an unlawful use. The statute by its terms strikes, at the thing itself, and not at any act or intent of its-owner.
“The owner of this particular gambling apparatus did not effectually keep it harmless. It escaped from him to the hurt of society. It can, therefore, be lawfully destroyed in the manner provided by statute.”
■ As only these two specific objections to which we have adverted have been made to the constitutionality of the statute, to them our ruling is limited. The objections, if any, that might be urged upon
Affirmed.