A document was admitted to probate as the holographic will of Anna Leona Graves Kinney, deceased. The court denied a petition filed by the surviving husband for revocation of the order. A motion for a new trial was also denied. This appeal is from the order dismissing the petition for revocation of the order admitting the will to probate and confirming the previous order admitting it.
The writing, including the date thereon, is entirely in the hand of the decedent. The principal question is whether it was signed so as to entitle it to be filed as a will. The writing is as follows:
“July 19-1934
*‘I Anna Leona Graves Kinney, do bequeath all my possessions to my four sisters who were living in 1923.
They are:
Mrs. Joe Ella Graves Yeargin Nashville Tenn..
Mrs. Cora Graves Hall
Sunnyside Davidson Co. Tenn..
Mrs. Maggie Odessie Graves Englishman, Nashville Tenn..
Miss Mary Almedia Graves,
Nashville Tenn..”
The writing covered one side of a sheet of paper of a light grey color. It was begun close to the top of the page and extended without margin on either side. A margin of over two inches remained at the bottom of the sheet. The only place whеre the decedent wrote her name was at the beginning, as shown above. The writing when found was enclosed in an envelope of the same color, texture and width. On the outside оf the envelope was written in the decedent’s handwriting, ‘ ‘ The will of Mrs. Anna Leona Graves Kinney. ’ ’
As to a holographic will the statute requires that it be “entirely written, dated, and signed by the hand of the testator himself”. (See. 53, Prob. Code, formerly see. 1277, Civ. Code.) Unlike a witnessed will, which must be “subscribed at the end thereof” (sec. 50, Prob. Code, formerly see. 1276, Civ. Code), the authenticating signature of the testator is not required to be at the end, but may be found elsewhere
*53
in the body of the testamentary document.
(Estate of Johnson,
Myrick’s Probate, 5;
Estate of Barker,
Myrick’s Probate, 78;
Estate of Donoho,
Myrick’s Probate, 140;
In re Stratton,
The contestant relies on
Estate of Manchester,
It is the contention of the contestant that there must be some affirmative expression by the person writing the holographic document to the effect that the name written at a place other than at the end was adopted аs and for an executing signature. The cases relied upon by the contestant are not to be construed as holding that such an affirmative expression is required where otherwise the will appears to be a completed testamentary expression. This court obviously did not intend to extend the rule of the Manchester case by what was said in Estate of McMahon, supra. In the latter ease the language of the testator did affirmatively express the adoption of her name written at the beginning as her signature to the will.
It is for the probate court in the first instance to say whether the document was “signed” by the decedent, and its determination will not be disturbed unless it is without support in the evidence. (Estate of Manchester, supra; Estate of Streeton, supra; Estate of Brooks, supra; Estate of Bernard, supra, at p. 42, citing additional cases.) Whenever it has appeared that a holographic testamentary instrumеnt was a completed declaration of the decedent’s desires, such an instrument has been admitted to probate although the decedent wrote his name only in the beginning of the declaration. This has been so even where there was no expression by the testator affirmatively adopting the name so placed as *55 his signature to the will. Completeness alone has been held sufficient evidence of the adoption of the name so placed as the authenticating signature of the testator and as a cоmpliance with the statute which requires the will to be “signed”. (Estate of Donoho, supra; Estate of Streeton, supra; Estate of Brooks, supra; Estate of Bauman, supra; also Estate of England and Estate of Sullivan, supra.)
In Estate of Brooks, supra, as also in Estate of Morgan, Estate of Bauman and Estate of Sullivan, supra, the eases relied upon by the contestant were distinguished by reason of the fact that it did not appear from the instruments offered in probate therein that the declarants had done еverything they intended to do; that for that reason the writings were shown not to be completed; and that therefore it could not be inferred therefrom that the decedents intended that their names placed elsewhere than at the end should be executing signatures.
The writing here involved appears to be a complete testamentary declarаtion. It was written with studied care, indicated by the fact that the decedent copied into her will the names and addresses of her sisters who were living at the time stated; by the correction of the year in that respect from 1933 to 1923; and by the manner in which certain letters were retraced. The fact that sufficient space remained on the paper tо include additional writing if the decedent intended any further declaration is also some evidence of finality and completeness. Formal provisions, including the appointment of an executor, were not necessary to the completed will. (See Estate of Brooks, supra.)
The contestant contends that the envelope in which the writing was found should not be received as a part of the will nor be entitled to consideration in determining whether the name written on the testamentary document was an executing signature. In the case of
In re Manchester, supra,
it was held thаt such an inscription could not cure any defect in the execution of the will. The respondent refers to
In re Sullivan, supra
and
Alexander
v.
Johnston,
From the earliest consideration of the question, completeness of the testamentary dеclaration has been deemed sufficient evidence of the “signing” of the writing, even though the declarant’s name was written by him at a place other than at the end. The injunction that statutory requirements must be complied with is, of course, to be fully observed, but where the statute does not require that the will be subscribed or signed at the foot or end thereof, courts in other jurisdictions have likewise held such instruments to be validly executed wills. (See 1 Jarman on Wills, 6th ed., p. 109;
Lemayne
v.
Stanley,
3 Lev. 1, 83 Eng. Reprint, 545;
Lawson
v.
Dawson’s Estate,
The order is affirmed.
Carter, J., Spence, J., pro tem., Curtis, J., Gibson, C. J., Houser, J., and Edmonds, J., concurred.